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Review
. 2020 Jun;7(1):e001302.
doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001302.

COVID-19 and relative angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency: role in disease severity and therapeutic response

Paul MacDaragh Ryan  1 , Noel Caplice  2
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19 and relative angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency: role in disease severity and therapeutic response

Paul MacDaragh Ryan et al. Open Heart. 2020 Jun.
No abstract available

Keywords: coronary artery disease; hypertension; risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of SARS-CoV-2 targeting of ACE2 receptor and entry in infected cell. Note cooperative interaction between both viral subunits S1 and S2 and cell surface-bound ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2. EM, electron microscopy; RBD, receptor-binding domain; SARS-CoV-2, severeacute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Multiple human host tissues that express ACE2 receptor highlighting lungs, heart and vasculature. Note clinical consequences of viral infection in cardiovascular and respiratory tissue. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Homeostasis of RAS-ACE2 under normal healthy conditions; perturbation of RAS-ACE2 homeostasis in cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus; COVID-19 may potentially further upregulate RAS in CVD patients and deplete ACE2; proposition that rhACE2 replacement therapy improves RAS-ACE2 balance by augmenting ACE2 and decreasing RAS activation. CVD, cardiovascular disease; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; RAS, renin angiotensin system; rhACE2, recombinanthuman ACE2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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