Quality of Life and the Health System: A 22-Country Comparison of the Situation of People With Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Objective: To analyze and compare how performance of the health system are linked to the self-reported quality of life (QOL) of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in 22 countries participating in the International Spinal Cord (InSCI) community survey.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Twenty-two countries representing all 6 World Health Organization regions, community setting.

Participants: Persons (N=12,591) with traumatic or nontraumatic SCI aged ≥18 years.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main outcomes: Self-reported satisfaction on several indicators that include: health, ability to perform daily activities, oneself, personal relationships, and living conditions. A total score of QOL was calculated using these 5 definitions.

Results: The most important indicators for self-reported QOL of persons with SCI were social attitudes and access to health care services, followed by nursing care, access to public spaces, the provision of vocational rehabilitation, transportation, medication, and assistive devices. In general, persons with SCI living in higher-income countries reported a higher QOL than people in lower-income countries, with some exceptions. The top performing country was The Netherlands with an estimated median QOL of 66% (on a 0%-100% scale).

Conclusions: The living situation of people with SCI is highly influenced by the performance of the health system. Measuring and comparing health systems give accountability to a country's citizens, but it also helps to determine areas for improvement.

Keywords: Health care access; Health care systems; Health policy; Quality of life; Rehabilitation.