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. 2020 May 20:16:445-450.
doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S251658. eCollection 2020.

A Comparison of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Gugging Swallowing Screen in Predicting Stroke-Associated Pneumonia

Phuc Duc Dang  1   2 , Minh Hien Nguyen  1   2 , Xuan Khan Mai  3   4 , Dinh Dai Pham  1   2 , Minh Duc Dang  1 , Dang Hai Nguyen  1 , Van Nam Bui  1 , Duy Ton Mai  5 , Nhu Binh Do  6   7 , Duc Thuan Do  1   2
Affiliations

A Comparison of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Gugging Swallowing Screen in Predicting Stroke-Associated Pneumonia

Phuc Duc Dang et al. Ther Clin Risk Manag. .

Abstract

Background: There have been many scales to predict pneumonia in stroke patients, but they are so complex, making it difficult to apply in practice. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the role of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) in predicting stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). These scales are routinely used in stroke patients. Therefore, their application in predicting SAP risk will be of high value in clinical practice. There has been no previous study evaluating the effectiveness of SAP risk prediction for each of these scales.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the value of NIHSS and GUSS in SAP prediction and their convenience in clinical practice.

Methods: It was a cohort study. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the scales. Area under the curves (AUC) were calculated, and we compared them.

Results: NIHSS had a medium value of predictor of SAP with AUC 0.764 (95% CI 0.735-0.792), 65.4% Se, 76.5% Sp. GUSS had good value in predicting SAP with AUC 0.858 (95% CI 0.833-0.880), 80.5% Se, 80.1% Sp. Pairwise comparison of ROCs curves demonstrated that the difference between two AUCs was significant (p < 0.01). Performing GUSS required 24.5 ± 6.7 minutes, 2.5 times longer than NIHSS (9.9 ± 2.0 minutes).

Conclusion: GUSS had a better predictive value of SAP than NIHSS. But NIHSS was more convenient in clinical practice because of its simple instrument and quick performance.

Keywords: pneumonia after stroke; pneumonia prediction; post-stroke pneumonia; stroke-related pneumonia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Materials for GUSS and NIHSS. (A) Materials required for GUSS include 2 cups, a teaspoon, a bottle of drinking water, a stethoscope, a syringe, a penlight, food thickener and a piece of bread. (B) The tool needed to evaluate NIHSS only a sharp needle. Abbreviations: GUSS, Gugging Swallowing Screen; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Figure 2
Figure 2
ROC curves for SAP prediction by NIHSS and GUSS. Abbreviations: ROC, receiver operating characteristics; SAP, stroke-associated pneumonia; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; GUSS, Gugging Swallowing Screen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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