Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Meroterpenoids from Marine Derived-Fungi: A Comprehensive Update

Abstract

Meroterpenoids are a class of hybrid natural products, partially derived from a mixed terpenoid pathway. They possess remarkable structural features and relevant biological and pharmacological activities. Marine-derived fungi are a rich source of meroterpenoids featuring structural diversity varying from simple to complex molecular architectures. A combination of a structural variability and their myriad of bioactivities makes meroterpenoids an interesting class of naturally occurring compounds for chemical and pharmacological investigation. In this review, a comprehensive literature survey covering the period of 2009-2019, with 86 references, is presented focusing on chemistry and biological activities of various classes of meroterpenoids isolated from fungi obtained from different marine hosts and environments.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; biological activities; cytotoxicity; marine-derived fungi; meroterpenoids.

Figure 1

Chemical structures of acyclic merohemiterpenes 1–17.

Figure 2

Chemical structures of cyclic hemiterpenes 18–28.

Figure 3

Chemical structures of meromonoterpenoids 29–37.

Figure 4

Chemical structures of acyclic sesquiterpenes 38–51.

Figure 5

Chemical structures of acyclic sesquiterpenes 52–60.

Figure 6

Chemical structures of monocyclic sesquiterpenes 61–69.

Figure 7

Chemical structures 70–77.

Figure 8

Chemical structures of 78–92.

Figure 9

Chemical structures of pyripyropenes 93–103.

Figure 10

Chemical structures of 104 and 105.

Figure 11

Chemical structures of 106–113.

Figure 12

Chemical structures of 114–120.

Figure 13

Chemical structures of 121–130.

Figure 14

Chemical structures of 131–134.

Figure 15

Chemical structures of australides 135–163.

Figure 16

Chemical structures of austinoids 164–171.

Figure 17

Chemical structures dehydroaustinoid derivatives 172–185.

Figure 18

Chemical structures isoaustinoids 186–194.

Figure 19

Chemical structures of preaustinoids 195–200, 202–206 and 208–213.

Figure 20

Chemical structures of preaustinoid derivatives 201, 207 and 214–230.

Figure 21

Chemical structures of terretonin derivatives 231–241.

Figure 22

Chemical structures of andrastin derivatives 242–253.

Figure 23

Chemical structures of 254–258.

Figure 24

Chemical structures of 259–261.

Figure 25

Chemical structures 262–268.

Figure 26

Chemical structures of 269–288.

Figure 27

Chemical structures 289–306.

Figure 28

Chemical structures of 307–320.