Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 May 28:2020:2146160.
doi: 10.1155/2020/2146160. eCollection 2020.

Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance

Muhammad Nazir  1 , Asim Al-Ansari  1 , Khalifa Al-Khalifa  1 , Muhanad Alhareky  1 , Balgis Gaffar  1 , Khalid Almas  1
Affiliations

Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance

Muhammad Nazir et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a public health problem and is strongly associated with systemic diseases; however, its worldwide distribution is not fully understood.

Objective: To evaluate global data of periodontal disease: (1) among adolescents, adults, and older population and (2) in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Methods: This ecological study included data of periodontal disease from the World Health Organization's data bank which are based on the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN code: 0 = no disease; 1 = bleeding on probing; 2 = calculus; 3 = periodontal pocket (PD) 4-5 mm; 4 = PD (6+ mm). Age- and income-related periodontal disease inequalities were evaluated across the globe.

Results: Compared with 9.3% of adults and 9.7% of older persons, 21.2% of adolescents had no periodontal disease (P = 0.005). Nearly 18.8% of adolescents compared with 8.9% of adults and 5% of older persons had bleeding on probing (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, 50.3% of adolescents, 44.6% of adults, and 31.9% older persons demonstrated the occurrence of calculus (P = 0.01). On the other hand, older persons had the highest prevalence of PD 4-5 mm and PD 6+ mm than adults and adolescents (P ≤ 0.001). The distribution of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) in adults differed significantly in low- (28.7%), lower-middle- (10%), upper-middle- (42.5%), and high-income countries (43.7%) (P = 0.04). However, no significant differences in periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) were observed in adolescents and older persons in low- to high-income countries.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of data, this study found that the distribution of periodontal disease increases with age. Periodontitis was the most common in older persons and in population from high-income countries.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) among adolescents (15–19 years).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) among adults (35–44 years).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) among older persons (65–74 years).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Global distribution of periodontal disease in adolescents, adults, and older persons.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) in low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Newman M. G. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
    1. World Health Organization. Oral Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018.
    1. GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211–1259. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sanz M. European workshop in periodontal health and cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal Supplements. 2010;12(Suppl B):p. B2. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/suq002. - DOI
    1. Tonetti M. S., Jepsen S., Jin L., Otomo-Corgel J. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: a call for global action. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2017;44(5):456–462. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12732. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources