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. 2020 May 28:2020:2146160.
doi: 10.1155/2020/2146160. eCollection 2020.

Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance

Muhammad Nazir  1 , Asim Al-Ansari  1 , Khalifa Al-Khalifa  1 , Muhanad Alhareky  1 , Balgis Gaffar  1 , Khalid Almas  1
Affiliations

Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance

Muhammad Nazir et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a public health problem and is strongly associated with systemic diseases; however, its worldwide distribution is not fully understood.

Objective: To evaluate global data of periodontal disease: (1) among adolescents, adults, and older population and (2) in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Methods: This ecological study included data of periodontal disease from the World Health Organization's data bank which are based on the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN code: 0 = no disease; 1 = bleeding on probing; 2 = calculus; 3 = periodontal pocket (PD) 4-5 mm; 4 = PD (6+ mm). Age- and income-related periodontal disease inequalities were evaluated across the globe.

Results: Compared with 9.3% of adults and 9.7% of older persons, 21.2% of adolescents had no periodontal disease (P = 0.005). Nearly 18.8% of adolescents compared with 8.9% of adults and 5% of older persons had bleeding on probing (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, 50.3% of adolescents, 44.6% of adults, and 31.9% older persons demonstrated the occurrence of calculus (P = 0.01). On the other hand, older persons had the highest prevalence of PD 4-5 mm and PD 6+ mm than adults and adolescents (P ≤ 0.001). The distribution of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) in adults differed significantly in low- (28.7%), lower-middle- (10%), upper-middle- (42.5%), and high-income countries (43.7%) (P = 0.04). However, no significant differences in periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) were observed in adolescents and older persons in low- to high-income countries.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of data, this study found that the distribution of periodontal disease increases with age. Periodontitis was the most common in older persons and in population from high-income countries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) among adolescents (15–19 years).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) among adults (35–44 years).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) among older persons (65–74 years).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Global distribution of periodontal disease in adolescents, adults, and older persons.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) in low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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