Therapeutic effects of in vivo- differentiated stem cell and Matricaria chamomilla L. Oil in diabetic rabbit

Abstract

Background: The main goal of diabetes therapy is to control blood glucose levels.

Objectives: In this study, the effect of Matricaria chamomilla L. oil as an herbal agent, on therapeutic properties of poly L-lactic acid-based (PLLA) scaffold loaded with differentiated stem cells, is examined in the diabetic rabbit.

Methods: Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were isolated from male New Zealand White rabbits and after seeding on the PLLA scaffold differentiated in the pancreatic region. In vivo differentiation of AMSCs toward pancreatic progenitor cells was evaluated by quantitative analysis of gene expressions and immunohistochemistry. Then, one normal and five diabetic groups including blank diabetic, scaffold, oil + scaffold, and differentiated cell + scaffold or oil + scaffold were assessed after 21 days of treatment. After the assessment, the diabetic groups were evaluated by clinical parameters and pancreatic histological sections.

Results: It was found that AMSCs were differentiated to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the pancreatic environment which then used for implantation. Blood glucose in the oil + scaffold, cell + scaffold, and oil + cell + scaffold groups showed a significant decrease after 21 days. In the above mentioned three groups, insulin secretion was increased significantly. Chamomile oil also caused a significant decrease in High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol levels. According to histological sections results, in cell + scaffold and oil + cell + scaffold groups, β cells were significantly increased compared to blank diabetic group.

Conclusions: Together these data demonstrated chamomile oil along with in vivo-differentiated stem cell is a promising new treatment for diabetes.

Keywords: Chamomile Oil; Diabetes; PLLA Scaffold; Rabbit; Stem Cells.

Fig. 1

Blood glucose levels at 0, 3, 10, and 21 days after treatment of diabetic rabbit model in experimental groups. The b, c, d & f show the significant difference between the groups with each other at the same time point. The A and a: the significant difference in the same group at a different time point (P ≤ 0.05)

Fig. 2

Serum insulin levels after treatment of diabetic rabbit model in experimental groups. a-d are averages of insulin levels which are significantly different from each other (P ≤ 0.05)

Fig. 3

Cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels at 21 days after treatment of diabetic rabbit model in experimental groups (P ≤ 0.05)

Fig. 4

H & E ∗ 540 stainings of a histological section of islets of Langerhans (⋅ 400). A & B) cell + scaffold group, C & D) cell + oil + scaffold group (Black arrow indicates blood vessel, yellow arrow α cells, and blue arrow β cells), E) Normal islets of Langerhans, F) diabetic group, white arrow indicates necrotic cells and black arrow indicates inflammatory cells

Fig. 5

Evaluation of α and β cells population in examined groups. Results are presented as mean (a-d) ± SD. *P < 0.05 was considered a significant difference as compared to control (blank diabetic group). Cell population 25% (score 1), 25–50% (score 2), 50–75% (score 3), 75–100% (score 4)