Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jun 17;10(1):9811.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66819-8.

Advanced characterization of surface-modified nanoparticles and nanofilled antibacterial dental adhesive resins

Fernando Luis Esteban Florez  1 , Artem A Trofimov  2 , Anton Ievlev  2 , Shuo Qian  3 , Adam Justin Rondinone  2 , Sharukh Soli Khajotia  4
Affiliations

Advanced characterization of surface-modified nanoparticles and nanofilled antibacterial dental adhesive resins

Fernando Luis Esteban Florez et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Nanotechnology can improve the performance of dental polymers. The objective of this study was to modify the surfaces of nanoparticles with silanes and proteins, characterize nanoparticles' agglomeration levels and interfaces between nanoparticles and the polymeric matrix. Undoped (n-TiO2), nitrogen-doped (N_TiO2) and nitrogen-fluorine co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NF_TiO2) were synthesized and subjected to surface modification procedures in preparation for Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) characterizations. Experimental adhesives were manually synthesized by incorporating 20% (v/v) of n-TiO2, N_TiO2 or NF_TiO2 (as-synthesized or surface-modified) into OptiBond Solo Plus (OPTB). Specimens (n = 15/group; d = 6.0 mm, t = 0.5 mm) of OPTB and experimental adhesives were characterized using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), 2-D ToF-SIMS chemical imaging and SANS. SAXS results indicated that surface-modified nanoparticles displayed higher scattering intensities in a particle-size dependent manner. ToF-SIMS results demonstrated that nanoparticles' incorporation did not adversely impact the parental polymer. 2-D ToF-SIMS chemical imaging demonstrated the distribution of Ti+ and confirmed nitrogen-doping levels. SANS results confirmed nanoparticles' functionalization and revealed the interfaces between nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. Metaloxide nanoparticles were successfully fabricated, incorporated and covalently functionalized in a commercial dental adhesive resin, thereby supporting the utilization of nanotechnology in dentistry.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Helium-Ion Microscopy. Images (25 μm field of view) of unaltered (A) and experimental dental adhesive resins containing 20% (v/v) of (B) n-TiO2, (C) N_TiO2 and (D) NF_TiO2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Results from the small-angle X-ray spectroscopy of surface-modified nanoparticles suspended on D2O. (A) shows the effect of surface modification (either NaOH, NaOH+APTES or NaOH+APTES + Alb) and (B) the effect of ionic solutions (either NaCl [0.1 M] or HCl [0.1 M]) on nanoparticles’ agglomeration levels.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ToF-SIMS of unaltered (OPTB) and experimental dental adhesive resins containing 20% of either n-TiO2, N_TiO2 or NF_TiO2 (A) as-synthesized or (B) surface-modified by NaOH + APTES + Alb. From top to bottom in (A) and (B) OPTB, OPTB + n-TiO2, OPTB + N_TiO2 and OPTB + NF_TiO2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
ToF-SIMS chemical imaging for Ti+ immobilized in (A) OPTB, (B) OPTB + n-TiO2, (C) OPTB + N_TiO2 and (D) N_F_TiO2. Mass spectrum analysis for TiN+ is shown in (E).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results from the small-angle neutron scattering of (A) N_TiO2 (as-synthesized or surface-modified) suspended in D2O or D2O containing 0.1 M HCl, (B) unaltered and experimental dental adhesive resins containing either as-synthesized or surface-modified n-TiO2, N_TiO2 and NF_TiO2 and (C) Representative Guinier-Porod fitting unaltered OPTB.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Heintze SD, Rousson V. Clinical effectiveness of direct class II restorations - a meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent. 2012;14:407–431. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.a28390. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhang N, et al. Do Dental Resin Composites Accumulate More Oral Biofilms and Plaque than Amalgam and Glass Ionomer Materials? Materials. 2016;9:888. doi: 10.3390/ma9110888. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bourbia M, Ma D, Cvitkovitch DG, Santerre JP, Finer Y. Cariogenic bacteria degrade dental resin composites and adhesives. J Dent Res. 2013;92:989–994. doi: 10.1177/0022034513504436. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Spencer P, Ye Q, Misra A, Goncalves SEP, Laurence JS. Proteins, Pathogens, and Failure at the Composite-Tooth Interface. Journal of Dental Research. 2014;93:1243–1249. doi: 10.1177/0022034514550039. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Delaviz Y, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Biodegradation of resin composites and adhesives by oral bacteria and saliva: a rationale for new material designs that consider the clinical environment and treatment challenges. Dent Mater. 2014;30:16–32. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.08.201. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types