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. 2020 Jul;148(3):607-617.
doi: 10.1007/s11060-020-03558-w. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Children with DIPG and high-grade glioma treated with temozolomide, irinotecan, and bevacizumab: the Seattle Children's Hospital experience

Erin E Crotty  1   2 , Sarah E S Leary  1   2 , J Russell Geyer  1 , James M Olson  1   2 , Nathan E Millard  1 , Aimee A Sato  3 , Ralph P Ermoian  4 , Bonnie L Cole  5   6 , Christina M Lockwood  7 , Vera A Paulson  7 , Samuel R Browd  8 , Richard G Ellenbogen  8 , Jason S Hauptman  8 , Amy Lee  8 , Jeffrey G Ojemann  8 , Nicholas A Vitanza  9   10
Affiliations

Children with DIPG and high-grade glioma treated with temozolomide, irinotecan, and bevacizumab: the Seattle Children's Hospital experience

Erin E Crotty et al. J Neurooncol. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Introduction: Beyond focal radiation, there is no consensus standard therapy for pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) and outcomes remain dismal. We describe the largest molecularly-characterized cohort of children with pHGG treated with a 3-drug maintenance regimen of temozolomide, irinotecan, and bevacizumab (TIB) following radiation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 36 pediatric patients treated with TIB at Seattle Children's Hospital from 2009 to 2018 and analyzed survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. Molecular profiling was performed by targeted DNA sequencing and toxicities, steroid use, and palliative care utilization were evaluated.

Results: Median age at diagnosis was 10.9 years (18 months-18 years). Genetic alterations were detected in 26 genes and aligned with recognized molecular subgroups including H3 K27M-mutant (12), H3F3A G34-mutant (2), IDH-mutant (4), and hypermutator profiles (4). Fifteen patients (42%) completed 12 planned cycles of maintenance. Side effects associated with chemotherapy delays or modifications included thrombocytopenia (28%) and nausea/vomiting (19%), with temozolomide dosing most frequently modified. Median event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was 16.2 and 20.1 months, with shorter survival seen in DIPG (9.3 and 13.3 months, respectively). Survival at 1, 2, and 5 years was 80%, 10% and 0% for DIPG and 85%, 38%, and 16% for other pHGG.

Conclusion: Our single-center experience demonstrates tolerability of this 3-drug regimen, with prolonged survival in DIPG compared to historical single-agent temozolomide. pHGG survival was comparable to analogous 3-drug regimens and superior to historical agents; however, cure was rare. Children with pHGG remain excellent candidates for the study of novel therapeutics combined with standard therapy.

Keywords: Bevacizumab; Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; Irinotecan; Pediatric high-grade glioma; Temozolomide.

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