Global vaccine action plan lessons learned I: Recommendations for the next decade

Abstract

The Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 (GVAP) was developed to realize the ambitions of the Decade of Vaccines - that all individuals and communities enjoy lives free from vaccine-preventable diseases. It included a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation/accountability framework to assess progress towards global targets with recommendations for corrective actions. While many of the GVAP targets are very unlikely to be met by the end of 2020, substantial progress has nevertheless been made, establishing a strong foundation for a successor global immunization strategy, the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization has made a series of recommendations to ensure that the lessons learned from GVAP inform the development and implementation of IA2030.

Keywords: GVAP; Global Vaccine Action Plan; Global health; IA2030; Immunization; Immunization Agenda 2030; Policy; Vaccination.

Fig. 1

Global wild poliovirus (WPV) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases, 2010–2019 Source: WHO, https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx, accessed 30 January 2020.

Fig. 2

Global coverage for selected vaccines (in percent) for children by 12 months of age, 2010–2018; exception MCV2 at 24 months of age Source: WHO-UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage 2010 to 2018, July 2019 release. https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/routine/coverage/WUENIC_notes.pdf?ua=1.

Fig. 3

Countries by the percentage of districts with DTP3 coverage >= 80% and valid data, 2018. Source: Joint Reporting Form data, July 2019 release. https://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_secretariat_report_2019.pdf#page=15. Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

Fig. 4

Number of low- and middle-income countries that have introduced and sustained for at least one year, one or more new or underutilized vaccines* between 2010 and 2017 and GVAP targets. *among the following: Hib-containing vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, human qqpapillomavirus vaccine, rubella-containing vaccine and Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine. Source: Joint Reporting Form data, July 2019 release. https://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_secretariat_report_2019.pdf#page=18.

Fig. 5

Global and regional under-five mortality rates (per thousand live-births) in 1990, 2000 and from 2010 to 2018. Source: United Nations interagency group for child mortality estimates (UN IGME). 2019 report. https://childmortality.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/UN-IGME-Child-Mortality-Report-2019.pdf.

Fig. 6

Top three reasons for vaccine hesitancy globally, 2014–2018. Source: Joint Reporting Form data, 2019. https://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/GVAP_secretariat_report_2019.pdf#page=15. Note: Data in this chart is reported based on responses to the question “What are the top three reasons for hesitancy in 2018?”. In 2019, only 45% of countries reported to have completed an assessment of hesitancy at national or subnational level in the last five years (2014–2018).