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. 2020 Jun 21;10(6):e034943.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034943.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic-language health literacy assessment scale for adolescents (HAS-A-AR) in Palestine

Mohammed B A Sarhan  1 , Harry S Shannon  2 , Rika Fujiya  3 , Masamine Jimba  4 , Rita Giacaman  5
Affiliations

Psychometric properties of an Arabic-language health literacy assessment scale for adolescents (HAS-A-AR) in Palestine

Mohammed B A Sarhan et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: Health literacy research in Palestine is limited, and a locally validated tool for use among adolescents has been unavailable until now. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt health literacy assessment scale for adolescents (HAS-A) into Arabic language (HAS-A-AR) and Palestinian context and to investigate its psychometric properties.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional household survey using a stratified random sample and household face-to-face interviews.

Setting and participants: We conducted 1200 interviews with sixth to ninth graders in the Ramallah and al-Bireh district of the West Bank, Palestine in 2017.

Methods: We translated and adapted HAS-A to be sensitive to the Palestinian context and tested its psychometric properties. We evaluated face and content validity during the back-translation process and checked for construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). We tested for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, MacDonald's omega test and the greatest lower bound (GLB). Furthermore, we calculated the scale's average inter-item correlation.

Results: EFA revealed that HAS-A-AR has a similar structure to the original HAS-A. It extracted three factors (communication, confusion and functional health literacy) whose eigenvalues were >1. Together they explained 57% of the total variance. The proportions of adolescents with high levels of communication, confusion and functional health literacy were 45%, 68% and 80%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha, MacDonald's omega and the GLB values for communication subscale were 0.87, 0.88 and 0.90, and they were 0.78, 0.77 and 0.79 for confusion subscale, while they were 0.77, 0.77 and 0.80, respectively, for functional healthy literacy subscale. The average inter-item correlation for the subscales ranged between 0.36 and 0.59.

Conclusion: HAS-A-AR is a valid and reliable health literacy measuring instrument with appropriate psychometric properties. HAS-A-AR is currently available for use among adolescents in Palestine and the surrounding Arab countries with similar characteristics as Palestine, including language, culture and political instability.

Keywords: community child health; public health; statistics & research methods.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The process followed for translating and adapting the Arabic health literacy assessment scale for adolescents.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scree plot and the eigenvalues of the three retained factors and one non-retained factor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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