Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Amplitude normalization matrix

Manuela Besomi¹, Paul W Hodges², Edward A Clancy³, Jaap Van Dieën⁴, François Hug⁵, Madeleine Lowery⁶, Roberto Merletti⁷, Karen Søgaard⁸, Tim Wrigley⁹, Thor Besier¹⁰, Richard G Carson¹¹, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug¹², Roger M Enoka¹³, Deborah Falla¹⁴, Dario Farina¹⁵, Simon Gandevia¹⁶, Aleš Holobar¹⁷, Matthew C Kiernan¹⁸, Kevin McGill¹⁹, Eric Perreault²⁰, John C Rothwell²¹, Kylie Tucker²²

Affiliations

¹ School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
² School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: p.hodges@uq.edu.au.
³ Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
⁴ Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵ School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
⁶ School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁷ LISiN, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
⁸ Department of Clinical Research and Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
⁹ Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
¹⁰ Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
¹¹ Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
¹² Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
¹³ Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA.
¹⁴ Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁶ Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁷ Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, Maribor, Slovenia.
¹⁸ Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁹ US Department of Veterans Affairs, USA.
²⁰ Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
²¹ Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
²² School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

PMID: 32569878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102438

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Amplitude normalization matrix

Manuela Besomi et al. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2020 Aug.

. 2020 Aug:53:102438.

doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102438. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
² School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: p.hodges@uq.edu.au.
³ Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
⁴ Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵ School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
⁶ School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁷ LISiN, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
⁸ Department of Clinical Research and Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
⁹ Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
¹⁰ Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
¹¹ Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
¹² Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
¹³ Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA.
¹⁴ Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁶ Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁷ Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, Maribor, Slovenia.
¹⁸ Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁹ US Department of Veterans Affairs, USA.
²⁰ Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
²¹ Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
²² School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

PMID: 32569878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102438

Abstract

The general purpose of normalization of EMG amplitude is to enable comparisons between participants, muscles, measurement sessions or electrode positions. Normalization is necessary to reduce the impact of differences in physiological and anatomical characteristics of muscles and surrounding tissues. Normalization of the EMG amplitude provides information about the magnitude of muscle activation relative to a reference value. It is essential to select an appropriate method for normalization with specific reference to how the EMG signal will be interpreted, and to consider how the normalized EMG amplitude may change when interpreting it under specific conditions. This matrix, developed by the Consensus for Experimental Design in Electromyography (CEDE) project, presents six approaches to EMG normalization: (1) Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in same task/context as the task of interest, (2) Standardized isometric MVC (which is not necessarily matched to the contraction type in the task of interest), (3) Standardized submaximal task (isometric/dynamic) that can be task-specific, (4) Peak/mean EMG amplitude in task, (5) Non-normalized, and (6) Maximal M-wave. General considerations for normalization, features that should be reported, definitions, and "pros and cons" of each normalization approach are presented first. This information is followed by recommendations for specific experimental contexts, along with an explanation of the factors that determine the suitability of a method, and frequently asked questions. This matrix is intended to help researchers when selecting, reporting and interpreting EMG amplitude data.

Keywords: Amplitude normalization; Consensus; Electromyography; Muscle activation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest None declared.

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Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Amplitude normalization matrix

Affiliations

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Amplitude normalization matrix

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Miscellaneous