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Review
. 2020 Jun 18;21(12):4351.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21124351.

Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections

Yuko Abe  1 , Kiyoharu Fukushima  1   2 , Yuki Hosono  1 , Yuki Matsumoto  3 , Daisuke Motooka  3 , Naoko Ose  4 , Shota Nakamura  3 , Seigo Kitada  5 , Hiroshi Kida  2 , Atsushi Kumanogoh  1
Affiliations
Review

Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections

Yuko Abe et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.

Keywords: GPL core IgA antibody; host immune response; immunocompromised host; multilocus sequence typing database; nontuberculous mycobacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of complex interactions between hosts and pathogens in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Environmental exposures, host factors, and organismal factors contribute to development and progression of NTM infection. Comprehensive understanding of these processes is necessary for early and proper management of NTM infection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rapid and comprehensive identification of mycobacteria. Large-scale extension of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) approach currently achieves comprehensive identification of mycobacteria within 20 min from isolated DNA, although up to 8 weeks is needed for the cell culture step (A). A direct metagenomic approach will remove the bottleneck and enable rapid and comprehensive detection of mycobacteria (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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