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Review
. 2020 Jun 19;21(12):4381.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21124381.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Where We Are Today

Ermanno Greco  1   2 , Katarzyna Litwicka  1 , Maria Giulia Minasi  1 , Elisabetta Cursio  1 , Pier Francesco Greco  1 , Paolo Barillari  1
Affiliations
Review

Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Where We Are Today

Ermanno Greco et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Background: Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is widely used today in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) centers over the world for selecting euploid embryos for transfer and to improve clinical outcomes in terms of embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates.

Methods: We report the current knowledge concerning these procedures and the results from different clinical indications in which PGT is commonly applied.

Results: This paper illustrates different molecular techniques used for this purpose and the clinical significance of the different oocyte and embryo stage (polar bodies, cleavage embryo, and blastocyst) at which it is possible to perform sampling biopsies for PGT. Finally, genetic origin and clinical significance of embryo mosaicism are illustrated.

Conclusions: The preimplantation genetic testing is a valid technique to evaluated embryo euploidy and mosaicism before transfer.

Keywords: biopsy; endometrium; euploid embryo; implantation; in-vitro fertilization; mosaicism; pregnancy; preimplantation genetic screening.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
In the figure, the sequence of a blastocyst biopsy laser assisted is shown. The blastocyst is initially orientated by mean of the holding pipette in order to keep the inner cell mass as far as possible from the site of biopsy (A). Subsequently, the biopsy pipette is introduced through a hole performed with laser in the zona pellucida and a little number of trophectoderm cells are gently aspirated (B,C). Finally, the removed trophectoderm cells is transferred in a tube for the genetic analysis (D). The white narrow indicates the inner cell mass. The black narrow indicates the removed trophectoderm cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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