[Diabetic patient control in Primary Care: Influence of service portfolio and other factors]
- PMID: 32576384
- PMCID: PMC7713397
- DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2020.02.015
[Diabetic patient control in Primary Care: Influence of service portfolio and other factors]
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of the type of follow-up according to Service Portfolio and other associated factors, in the reduction of HbA1c levels in people with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and poor initial control.
Design: Analytical observational study of a cohort under routine clinical practice conditions.
Location: 262 Primary Health Care Centres in Madrid.
Participants: 1,838 individuals older than 18 years with a new diagnosis of type 2 DM and initial HbA1c levels ≥ 7%, or ≥ 8.5% if older than 75 years.
Interventions: The exposure variable was the type of follow-up according to Portfolio, categorised as minimum, medium, and optimal, according to the number of interventions performed and periodicity of type of therapeutic-pharmacological plan.
Main measurements: A study was made of the comorbidity, therapeutic-pharmacological plan, diet - exercise advice and deprivation index. The main outcome was the difference between the final and initial HbA1c.
Results: After 2 years of follow-up there was a mean decrease in HbA1c by -1.7 percentage points (95% CI: -1.6;-1.8), which was 0.36 points higher in patients with optimal follow-up: -2.1 (95% CI: -1.7;-2.4). The factors associated with a decrease in HbA1c were the optimal follow-up -0.29 (95% CI: -0.5;-0.1), the medium follow-up -0.26 (95% CI: -0.5; -0.0), and the initial HbA1c value -0.9 (95% CI: -0.9; -0.9. The factors associated with the increase were insulin treatment and living in socially disadvantaged areas.
Conclusions: Glycaemic control was improved in patients with a new diagnosis of diabetes in which optimal follow-up is performed as proposed in the Service Portfolio.
Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del tipo de seguimiento según la cartera de servicios y de otros factores asociados en la disminución de las cifras de HbA1c en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, nuevo diagnóstico y con mal control inicial.
Diseño: Estudio observacional analítico de una cohorte en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual.
Emplazamiento: 262 centros de salud de Atención Primaria de Madrid.
Participantes: 1838 personas mayores de 18 años con nuevo diagnóstico de diabetes y cifras de HbA1c inicial ≥ 7% o ≥ 8,5% si tienen más de 75 años.
Intervenciones: La variable exposición fue el tipo de seguimiento según la cartera, categorizado en mínimo, medio y óptimo, según el número de intervenciones realizadas y periodicidad por tipo de plan terapéutico-farmacológico.
Mediciones principales: Se estudiaron comorbilidad, plan terapéutico-farmacológico, consejos dieta y ejercicio, índice de privación. La variable resultado principal fue la diferencia entre la HbA1c final e inicial.
Resultados: Tras 2 años de seguimiento se produjo una disminución media de la HbA1c de –1,7 puntos porcentuales (IC del 95%: –1,6; –1,8), siendo 0,39 puntos mayor en los pacientes con tipo de seguimiento óptimo: –2,1 (IC del 95%: –1,7; –2,4). Los factores asociados a la disminución fueron: tipo de seguimiento óptimo –0,29 (IC del 95%: –0,5; –0,1) y medio –0,26 (IC del 95%: –0,5; –0,0), y valor de la HbA1c inicial –0,9 (IC del 95%: –0,9; –0,9) y los factores asociados al aumento: tratamiento con insulina y vivir en zonas socialmente desfavorecidas.
Conclusiones: Los pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de diabetes en los que se realiza un seguimiento óptimo según la cartera de servicios mejoran el control glucémico.
Keywords: Atención Primaria de salud; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Efectividad de intervenciones; Effectiveness of interventions; Evaluación de resultado (atención de salud); Glycated haemoglobin A; Hemoglobina glucosilada; Outcome assessment (health care); Primary Health Care; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
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