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. 2020 Sep-Oct;42(5):552-557.
doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0874.

How to prevent the malignant progression of bipolar disorder

Robert M Post  1
Affiliations

How to prevent the malignant progression of bipolar disorder

Robert M Post. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

There is increasing recognition that, in a high percentage of cases, bipolar disorder is a progressive illness. Multiple types of sensitization (or increased reactivity to repetition of the same stimulus) drive illness progression. One of the clearest is that of episode sensitization, where increased numbers of prior episodes are associated with: faster recurrences; more dysfunction; disability; social, educational, and employment deficits; suicide; medical comorbidities; cognitive dysfunction; and an increased incidence of dementia in old age. Repetition of stressors and bouts of substance abuse can also result in sensitization. Each type of sensitization appears to have an epigenetic basis, such that preventing sensitization should minimize the accumulation of adverse epigenetic chemical marks on DNA, histones, and microRNA. New data emphasize the importance of early, consistent intervention after an initial manic episode. The cognitive dysfunction associated with a first episode improves only if there are no further episode recurrences during the next year. A randomized study has also shown that comprehensive multimodal prophylactic intervention for 2 years leads to improvements in illness course extending over a total of 6 years. Intensive treatment of the earliest stages of bipolar disorder can thus exert lasting positive effects on the course of illness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author acknowledges speaking for AstraZeneca, Janssen, Sunovion, Takeda, and Validus.

Figures

Box 1
Box 1. Bipolar disorder is a multifaceted progressive illness.
Box 2
Box 2. Drugs targeting multiple comorbidities in bipolar disorder.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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