Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Microbiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
• ² Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• ³ University of Liverpool and Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK.
• ⁴ Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁵ Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
• ⁶ University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
• ⁷ Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
• ⁸ Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
• ⁹ NIHR Health Protection Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
• ¹⁰ Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
• ¹¹ University College London, London, UK.
• ¹² University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.