Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Sep:44:102261.
doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102261. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

Anxiety and depression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Antecedents, consequences, and differential impact on well-being and quality of life

Mariam Hanna  1 , Lauren Beth Strober  2
Affiliations

Anxiety and depression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Antecedents, consequences, and differential impact on well-being and quality of life

Mariam Hanna et al. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep.

Abstract

Background: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often plagued by the unpredictability of their disease and have to contend with uncertainty in their life and significant life changes. This can lead to high levels of stress, perceived lack of control, helplessness, and anxiety. Despite these circumstances, anxiety disorders are often overshadowed by depression, which can result in its presence being overlooked and undertreated by many medical professionals.

Methods: One hundred and eighty three individuals with MS completed a comprehensive online survey assessing depression and anxiety and the demographic and disease risk factors of such, including social support and substance use. Participants also completed measures of MS symptomatology, disease management, psychological well-being, and quality of life to determine the impact of depression and anxiety on outcomes associated with MS.

Results: Findings suggest that both depression and anxiety are prevalent in MS and related to many outcomes. However, based on comparisons of the associations and group comparisons, with a few exceptions, anxiety proved to more impactful than depression when examining these outcomes. When evaluating the risk factors/contributors of anxiety and depression, social support was a consistent predictor. Younger age and shorter disease duration were also associated with anxiety, while lower education and substance use were predictors of depression.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that attention to anxiety be given as much as depression as it plays a large role in individuals' perceived health and well-being, which subsequently impacts the severity of symptoms and overall quality of life. Early identification of anxiety and potential substance use and increased social support also appear to be crucial for mitigating the impact of depression and anxiety.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Social support; Substance use; Well-being.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparisons on disease symptoms between non-depressed, non-anxious (NON), depressed (DEP), anxious (ANX), and depressed and anxious (CAD).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparisons on disease management between non-depressed, non-anxious (NON), depressed (DEP), anxious (ANX), and depressed and anxious (CAD).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparisons on psychological well-being between non-depressed, non-anxious (NON), depressed (DEP), anxious (ANX), and depressed and anxious (CAD).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparisons on quality of life between non-depressed, non-anxious (NON), depressed (DEP), anxious (ANX), and depressed and anxious (CAD).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Harbo HF, Gold R, Tintoré M. Sex and gender issues in multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2013; 6(4): 237–48. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Shnek ZM, Foley FW, LaRocca NG, Smith CR, Halper J. Psychological predictors of depression in multiple sclerosis. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 1995; 9(1): 15–23.
    1. Amato M, Ponziani G. A prospective study on the prognosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences 2000; 21(2): S831–S8. - PubMed
    1. Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Adeleine P. Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process. Brain 2003; 126(4): 770–82. - PubMed
    1. Boeschoten RE, Braamse AM, Beekman AT, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the neurological sciences 2017; 372: 331–41. - PubMed