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Review
. 2020 Jun 23;20(12):3561.
doi: 10.3390/s20123561.

Biosensors-Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Electrode Materials

Fernando Otero  1 , Edmond Magner  1
Affiliations
Review

Biosensors-Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Electrode Materials

Fernando Otero et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors benefit from the simplicity, sensitivity, and rapid response of electroanalytical devices coupled with the selectivity of biorecognition molecules. The implementation of electrochemical biosensors in a clinical analysis can provide a sensitive and rapid response for the analysis of biomarkers, with the most successful being glucose sensors for diabetes patients. This review summarizes recent work on the use of structured materials such as nanoporous metals, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and ordered mesoporous carbon for biosensing applications. We also describe the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and review recent progress and challenges for the use of AM in biosensing applications.

Keywords: additive manufacturing; carbon nanotube; electrochemical biosensors; glucose biosensors; graphene; nanoporous gold; nanoporous metals; ordered mesoporous carbon.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the manufacture of nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes with (A) different layers and thicknesses, (B) sputtered glass sheet prior to etching, (C) formation of nanopores after etching, and (D) the completed NPG electrode. Adapted from [46].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Two typical methods for the preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon materials: (A) the nanocasting strategy from mesoporous silica hard templates and (B) the direct synthesis from block copolymer soft templates. Adapted from [95].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of the preparation of DNA biosensor. The thiolated DNA was covalently immobilized onto a gold-plated 3D-printed helix electrode. The modified electrode was then incubated with a DNA target, and the electrode was then exposed to methylene blue. Adapted from [114].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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