Conflict of interest: A. Gramegna has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Aliberti reports grants and personal fees from Bayer Healthcare, Aradigm Corporation, Grifols, Chiesi and INSMED, personal fees from AstraZeneca, Basilea, Zambon, Novartis, Raptor, Actavis UK Ltd and Horizon, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: O. Sibila has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Di Francesco has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Sotgiu has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Perea has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Terranova has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Oriano has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Pilocane has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: L. Saderi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.D. Chalmers reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline and Insmed, personal fees from Zambon and Chiesi, grants from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: P. Marchisio has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Blasi reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Insmed and Pfizer, grants from Bayer, personal fees from Guidotti, Grifols, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis and Zambon, outside the submitted work.