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Observational Study
. 2022 Mar 1;275(3):e568-e574.
doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003946.

Assessment of Technical Skills in Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

Keerthini Muthuswamy  1 , Rebecca Fisher  1 , Stella Mavroveli  1 , Fotis Petrou  1 , Sabrina Khawar  1 , Ashik Amlani  1 , George B Hanna  1   2 , Dimitri J Hadjiminas  2 , Paul T R Thiruchelvam  2 , Daniel R Leff  1   2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Assessment of Technical Skills in Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

Keerthini Muthuswamy et al. Ann Surg. .

Abstract

Objective: A simulator to enable safe practice and assessment of ALND has been designed, and face, content and construct validity has been investigated.

Summary and background data: The reduction in the number of ALNDs conducted has led to decreased resident exposure and confidence.

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter observational study was carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. Following model development, 30 surgeons of varying experience (n = "experts," n = 11 "senior residents," and n = 10 "junior residents") were asked to perform a simulated ALND. Face and content validity questionnaires were administered immediately after ALND. All ALND procedures were retrospectively assessed by 2 attending breast surgeons, blinded to operator identity, using a video-based assessment tool, and an end product assessment tool.

Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were observed across all operative subphases on the axillary clearance assessment tool (P < 0.001). Significant differences between groups were observed for overall procedure quality (P < 0.05) and total number of lymph nodes harvested (P < 0.001). However, operator grade could not be distinguished across other end product variables such as axillary vein damage (P = 0.864) and long thoracic nerve injury (P = 0.094). Overall, participants indicated that the simulator has good anatomical (median score >7) and procedural realism (median score >7).

Conclusions: Video-based analysis demonstrates construct validity for ALND assessment. Given reduced ALND exposure, this simulation is a useful adjunct for both technical skills training and formative Deanery or Faculty administered assessments.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interests.

References

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