Age and gender related differences in infection, thromboembolism, revision and death in knee arthroplasty in a Scottish population

Abstract

Background and aims: The aim of this large population based study was to investigate the effect of patient age and gender on the complication rates of knee arthroplasty surgery using data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project joint registry.

Methods and results: 55,636 knee arthroplasty procedures were included in the study and divided into four age categories (<55, 55-64, 65-75 and >75 years) for comparison of the 90-day deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) and one-year infection rates and the mortality and revision rates up to ten-year follow up. The mean rate of DVT/PE was 1.4% with significantly higher rates in elderly patients (p = 0.0006). The mean one-year infection rate was 1.6% with a significantly increased rate of 1.9% in males (p = 0.0001). Mortality rates increased with age, the 10-year mortality in patients >75 years of age was 44.8%. Revision rates were increased in males and younger patients.

Conclusion: Elderly patients showed higher rates of thromboembolic complications. There was no difference in infection rates between different age groups. The infection rate was higher in males. Younger patients need to be counselled about the increased risk of revision at 10 years.

Keywords: Total knee arthroplasty; age; complications; gender; rates.