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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Aug:222:10-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.016. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Cognitive biases in individuals with psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Audrey Livet  1 , Xavier Navarri  1 , Stéphane Potvin  2 , Patricia Conrod  3
Affiliations
Free article
Meta-Analysis

Cognitive biases in individuals with psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Audrey Livet et al. Schizophr Res. 2020 Aug.
Free article

Abstract

A prior meta-analyze using behavioral tasks demonstrated that individuals with subclinical delusional ideations jump to conclusion (JTC). The major aim of our systematic review and meta-analyses was to highlight the relationship between cognitive biases and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) when both are assessed by self-reports measures. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, four electronic databases were searched. A total of 669 studies were identified, 39 articles met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 27 for the random effects meta-analysis on healthy and UHR samples investigating cognitive biases (JTC, aberrant salience (ASB), attention to threat (ATB), externalizing bias (ETB), belief inflexibility (BIB), personalizing bias, aggression bias and need for closure). Effect size estimates were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r). In samples including both healthy and Ultra High Risk (UHR) individuals, positive psychotic-like experiences (PPLEs) were positively associated with ATB (rs = 0.38), ETB (rs = 0.35), BIB (rs = 0.19), JTC (rs = 0.10), and personalizing (rs = 0.24). In community samples, PPLEs were positively associated with ASB (rs = 0.62), ATB (rs = 0.34), ETB (rs = 0.36), BIB (rs = 0.18), JTC (rs = 0.11). In addition, negative PLEs were positively associated with ATB (rs = 0.28), ETB (rs = 0.37), BIB (rs = 0.19) and ASB (rs = 0.18). In UHR samples, positive associations were established between PPLEs and ATB (rs = 0.47), ETB (rs = 0.34), personalizing (rs = 0.36) and the aggression bias (rs = 0.35). Our results support cognitive models of psychosis considering the role of cognitive biases in the onset and the maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Cognitive interventions targeting cognitive biases could potentially prevent transition to psychosis in youth reporting PLEs and in UHR.

Keywords: Attention to threat; Cognitive biases; External attribution bias; Jumping to conclusion; Psychotic-like experiences; UHR.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest in relation to the subject of this study.

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