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Review
. 2020 Jun 30;48(3):1139-1151.
doi: 10.1042/BST20191144.

Like mother, like microbe: human milk oligosaccharide mediated microbiome symbiosis

Schuyler A Chambers  1 , Steven D Townsend  1
Affiliations
Review

Like mother, like microbe: human milk oligosaccharide mediated microbiome symbiosis

Schuyler A Chambers et al. Biochem Soc Trans. .

Abstract

Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of this microbial community is of critical importance to health and wellness. In this targeted review, we examine the gut microbiome from birth to 2 years of age to characterize the role human milk oligosaccharides play in early formation of microbial flora.

Keywords: antimicrobial; human milk oligosaccharide; microbiome; prebiotic.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Comparison of infant gut microbiome population in breast-fed and formula-fed infants (2).
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Mechanisms by which HMOs impact microbiome symbiosis
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Macromolecular composition of human milk and the HMO biosynthetic pathway (A.) Average composition of human breast milk and percent abundances of key HMO residues (B.) Pictogram representation of HMO biosynthesis and chemical structures of monosaccharides used in HMO biosynthesis
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
Representative metabolism of the non-glucose residues of an HMO into short chain fatty acids by Bifidobacteria. Abbreviations: acetate kinase (AckA), aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Adh2), enolase (Eno), galactokinase (GalK), galactose mutarotase (GalM), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C (GAPDH), glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), phosphoglycerate mutase (Gpm), fructose-6-phosphoketolase (F6PPK), L-fucose isomerase (FucI), L-fuculose kinase (FucK), L-fuculose-1P aldolase (FucA), lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh2), lacto-N-biose phosphorylase (LNBP), phosphate (P), phosphoglyceric kinase (Pgk), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm), formate acetyltransferase (Pfl), pyruvate kinase (Pyk), transaldolase (Tal), triosephosphate isomerase (TpiA), UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (UgpA)
Figure 5:
Figure 5:
Scanning electron micrographs of GBS10/84 biofilm formation after 24 hrs when grown in Todd-Hewitt broth + 1% glucose. (A.) Untreated GBS10/84 biofilm formation (B.) GBS10/84 biofilm formation when dosed with pooled HMOs at 5 mg mL−1
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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