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. 2020 Dec;23(17):3093-3103.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980020001044. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Validation of a new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the adult Portuguese population

Ana Cl Goios  1 , Milton Severo  2   3 , Amanda J Lloyd  4 , Vânia Pl Magalhães  2 , Carla Lopes  2   3 , Duarte Pm Torres  1   2
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Validation of a new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the adult Portuguese population

Ana Cl Goios et al. Public Health Nutr. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of the new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF) against urinary biomarkers: N (nitrogen), K (potassium) and Na (sodium).

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) were applied, and a 24-h urine sample was collected. We examined differences between estimates from dietary and urine measures, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and the Bland-Altman plots were drawn. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with the difference between estimates.

Setting: Sub-sample from the Portuguese IAN-AF sampling frame.

Participants: Ninety-five adults (men and women) aged 18-84 years.

Results: The estimated intake calculated using the dietary recall data was lower than that estimated from urinary excretion for the three biomarkers studied (protein 94·3 v. 100·4 g/d, K 3212 v. 3416 mg/d and Na 3489 v. 4003 mg/d). Considering 2 d of recall, the deattenuated correlation coefficients were 0·33, 0·64 and 0·26 for protein, K and Na, respectively. For protein, differences between dietary and urinary estimates varied according to BMI (β = -1·96, P = 0·017). The energy intake and 24-h urine volume were significantly associated with the difference between estimates for protein (β = 0·03, P < 0·001 and β = -0·02, P = 0·002, respectively), K (β = 0·71, P < 0·001 and β = -0·42, P = 0·040, respectively) and Na (β = 1·55, P < 0·001 and β = -0·81, P = 0·011, respectively).

Conclusions: The new software eAT24 performed well in estimating protein and K intakes, but lesser so in estimating Na intake, using two non-consecutive 24-HDR.

Keywords: 24-h dietary recall; Nitrogen; Portuguese dietary survey; Potassium; Sodium; Urinary biomarkers; Validation.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cumulative percentiles of estimates of dietary intake from 2 d of dietary recall (formula image) and urinary excretion (formula image) for (a) protein, (b) K and (c) Na
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The Bland–Altman graphs for assessing bias between nutrient estimation by self-reported dietary intake (mean of 2 d) and nutrient estimation by nutritional biomarkers for protein (a), K (b) and Na (c). The horizontal dashed line indicates the mean of the differences. The upper and lower dotted lines represent the upper and lower 95 % CI of agreement, which should comprise 95 % of the values in the range of the 2-fold sd (d ± 1·96 × sd) of the mean differences
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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