Impact of Time to Surgery and Surgical Delay on Oncologic Outcomes for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Purpose: The time between radiographic identification of a renal tumor and surgery can be concerning for patients and clinicians due to fears of tumor progression while awaiting treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between surgical wait time and oncologic outcomes for patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Materials and methods: The Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System is a multi-institutional prospective cohort initiated in January 2011. Patients with clinical stage T1b or greater renal cell carcinoma diagnosed between January 2011 and December 2019 were included in this analysis. Outcomes of interest were pathological up staging, cancer recurrence, cancer specific survival and overall survival. Time to recurrence and death were estimated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and associations were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: A total of 1,769 patients satisfied the study criteria. Median wait times were 54 days (IQR 29-86) for the overall cohort and 81 days (IQR 49-127) for cT1b tumors (1,166 patients), 45 days (IQR 27-71) for cT2 tumors (672 cases) and 35 days (IQR 18-61) for cT3/4 tumors (563). Adjusting for comorbidity, tumor size, grade, histological subtype, margin status and pathological stage, there was no association between prolonged wait time and cancer recurrence or death.

Conclusions: In the context of current surgeon triaging practices surgical wait times up to 24 weeks were not associated with adverse oncologic outcomes after 2 years of followup.

Keywords: carcinoma; renal cell; survival; time-to-treatment.