Maternal dietary methionine supplementation influences egg production and the growth performance and meat quality of the offspring

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary coated methionine (Met) on egg production and the quality, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of the offspring. In total, 288 female Ross parental chickens were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 3 replicates of 32 chickens each. From week 37 to 46, the hens of different groups were fed diets containing low (0.27% Met), adequate (0.27% Met + 0.1% coated Met) (AM), and high (0.27% Met + 0.2% coated Met) (HM) Met. There was a positive response in laying rate and albumen weight in AM and HM groups. For the offspring at market age, BW, eviscerated weight, and muscle weight were increased in the AM group (P < 0.05), whereas excessive supplementation was proven to be negative with those traits. The meat quality (color, pH, and shear force) of breast muscle was significantly influenced by different supplementation levels. The lightness and yellowness were increased in the HM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively), and redness was decreased in the AM group (P < 0.05). A lower pH value occurred in chickens of the HM group (P < 0.05). The expressions of meat quality-related genes were altered in the supplementation groups. The pH-related genes PRDX4 and PRKAG2 were found to be significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively) and consistent with pH changes. The meat color-related gene BCO1 was also differentially expressed (P < 0.01) and showed a corresponding change with yellowness value. Collectively, the best production performance was in the offspring with 0.1% coated Met supplementation (AM group). Supplementation with 0.2% coated Met (HM group) seemed to be excessive, but laying rate was increased in the HM group. Both results of phenotypic measurements and gene expression demonstrated that maternal-coated Met supplementation resulted in fluctuation of some meat quality indices in the offspring, but all values were still within the range found in normal chickens.

Keywords: coated methionine; gene expression; meat quality; offspring; productive trait.

Figure 1

Effect of coated Met supplementation on laying rate. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of 3 replicates, with 32 hens per replicate. The laying rate of the HM group was significantly higher than that of the LM group (P < 0.01). Abbreviations: AM, adequate-Met (0.27% Met + 0.1% coated Met) group; HM, high-Met (0.27% Met + 0.2% coated Met) group; LM, low-Met (0.27% Met) group.

Figure 2

Relative gene expression of breast muscle of offspring with maternal coated Met supplementation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 12. ∗ represents P < 0.05, while ∗∗ represents P < 0.01. Abbreviations: AM, adequate-Met (0.27% Met + 0.1% coated Met) group; BCO1, beta-carotene oxygenase 1; HM, high-Met (0.27% Met + 0.2% coated Met) group; LM, low-Met (0.27% Met) group; PPP1R3A, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A; PRDX4, peroxiredoxin 4; PRKAG2, protein kinase AMP-activated noncatalytic subunit gamma 2.