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Case Reports
. 2020 Nov;6(4):661-665.
doi: 10.1002/vms3.317. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic characterisation of an atrial septal defect in a horse

Adam Redpath  1 , Celia M Marr  2 , Caroline Bullard  3 , Gayle D Hallowell  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic characterisation of an atrial septal defect in a horse

Adam Redpath et al. Vet Med Sci. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Atrial septal defects have been well reported in humans and dogs and the principles of intervention have been well established. In contrast, there is very little information published about these congenital anomalies in horses. True ASDs are regarded as rare and little is known about the clinical significance of these defects in horses. An 11-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with a history of poor performance was diagnosed with an atrial septal defect, measuring approximately 2 cm in diameter, on 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was used to map the structure of the defect and was useful in fully characterising the ASD in this case.

Keywords: congenital cardiac disease; echocardiography; equine cardiology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Right parasternal long‐axis two‐dimensional echocardiographic image optimised for the inter‐atrial septum with colour flow Doppler showing the left to right shunt through the atrial septal defect. RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, LA left atrium, LV left ventricle. Atrial septal defect identified by arrow and shown on the right with Doppler imaging
Figure 2
Figure 2
Three‐dimensional construct of the inter‐atrial septum (AS) and the right atrium (RA) visualised from the tricuspid valve (TV) annulus in the direction of the right auricular appendage. This view allows direct visualisation though the atrial septal defect into the left atrium (LA) as shown by red arrow heads. Image obtained at the end of diastole
Figure 3
Figure 3
Right parasternal long‐axis three‐dimensional echocardiographic reconstructions of the left and right atria (LA, RA) orientated from a transverse (3A) and a dorsally angled (3B) viewpoint. These images demonstrate the limits of the edge of the atrial septal defect on the right atrial side of the inter‐atrial septum (red arrows) and on the left atrial side (foramen secundum; blue arrows) in Figure 3a and are further illustrated in Figure 3c where the outlines of each are shown in overlays of the same colour. Direction of shunting blood flow is shown by green arrow. All images are shown with the tricuspid valve (TV) to the left of the image and the dorsal aspect of the atria to the right. This image corresponds to the video image in the supplementary information
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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