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. 2020 Jul 7;100(25):1933-1936.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200115-00095.

[Clinical featuers of adult patients with post-viral-encephalitis autoimmune encephalitis]

[Article in Chinese]
Z Y Fu  1 , H T Ren  1 , L P Xue  2 , Y N Tian  3 , S Y Fan  1 , Y H Zhao  1 , N Lin  1 , H X Yin  1 , N Jiang  1 , B Peng  1 , L Y Cui  1 , H Z Guan  1
Affiliations

[Clinical featuers of adult patients with post-viral-encephalitis autoimmune encephalitis]

[Article in Chinese]
Z Y Fu et al. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. .

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Objective: To explore the clinical features of post-viral-encephalitis autoimmune encephalitis (PVEAE). Methods: Ten cases of PVEAE, who were hospitalized in the Neurology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between November 2014 and October 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical manifestation, immunology, neuroradiology, treatment and outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were 5 males and 5 females, with a median age of 44 (18, 66) years. Of 9 cases, the median interval between the two onsets of encephalitis was 37 (24, 60) days, and there was no obvious interval in case 7. In viral encephalitis phase, the peak modified Rankin scale (mRS) was 4.5 (4.0, 5.0) and the remission mRS was 2.0 (1.0, 3.0). In autoimmune encephalitis (AE) phase, the peak mRS was 4.0 (3.0, 5.0). Symptoms of AE included mental and behavioral abnormalities (10/10), amnesia (10/10), motor disorders (5/10), autonomic dysfunction (5/10), speech disorders (4/10), seizures (2/10) and consciousness disturbance (2/10). On average, each case presented with 4 (2, 6) symptoms. In AE phase, the positive rate of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 80% (8/10), while in serum it was only 20% (2/10). Neuroimaging showed that in AE phase, the lesions expanded in 8 cases, remained unchanged in 1 case and shrank in 1 case. In AE phase, 10 cases received first line treatments, and 2 cases accepted long-course immunotherapy. After treatment, symptoms of 9 cases were obviously relieved. The mRS for short-term and long-term outcomes was 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) and 1.0 (0, 2.0), respectively. Conclusions: PVEAE might present with either typical biphasic course or monophasic/pseudo-monophasic course. In AE phase, anti-NMDA receptor antibody turned positive in most cases. Much importance should be attached to the recognition and diagnosis of PVEAE and treat it actively thereafter.

目的： 探讨成人病毒性脑炎后自身免疫性脑炎（PVEAE）的临床特点。 方法： 回顾性收集2014年11月至2019年10月在北京协和医院神经科收治的10例PVEAE患者资料，分析症状学、脑脊液学、免疫学、神经影像学等特点及治疗方案。 结果： 男5例，女5例，年龄44（18，66）岁。9例两次脑炎发作间隔37（24，60）d，1例无明显间隔。病毒性脑炎峰期改良Rankin评分（mRS）4.5（4.0，5.0）分，恢复期mRS 2.0（1.0，3.0）分。自身免疫性脑炎（AE）峰期mRS 4.0（3.0，5.0）分。AE期症状包括：精神行为异常10例（10/10），记忆力下降10例（10/10），运动障碍5例（5/10），自主神经功能障碍5例（5/10），言语障碍4例（4/10），癫痫发作2例（2/10），意识水平下降2例（2/10），症状数4（2，6）个/例。AE期，脑脊液抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR）抗体阳性率为8/10，血清抗体阳性率为2/10。神经影像学显示AE期8例病灶范围增大，1例病灶缩小，1例无明显变化。AE期10例均给予一线治疗，2例加用长程免疫治疗，9例患者病情明显缓解，mRS为2.0（1.0，4.0）分，随诊mRS为1.0（0，2.0）分。 结论： PVEAE可呈典型双峰脑炎表型、假单峰表型或单峰表型，在AE阶段脑脊液抗体由阴转阳。需重视该病的识别与诊断，确诊后积极免疫治疗。.

Keywords: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody; Encephalitis; Herpes simplex virus; Virus.

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