Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jul 3;12(7):1485.
doi: 10.3390/polym12071485.

Analysis of the Imaging Characteristics of Holographic Waveguides Recorded in Photopolymers

Cristian Neipp  1   2 , Soumia Imane Taleb  1 , Jorge Francés  1   2 , Roberto Fernández  1   2 , Daniel Puerto  1   2 , Eva María Calzado  1   2 , Sergi Gallego  1   2 , Augusto Beléndez  1   2
Affiliations

Analysis of the Imaging Characteristics of Holographic Waveguides Recorded in Photopolymers

Cristian Neipp et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In this work, we study the imaging characteristics of an optical see-through display based on a holographic waveguide. To fabricate this device, two transmission holograms are recorded on a photopolymer material attached to a glass substrate. The role of the holograms is to couple the incident light between air and the glass substrate, accomplishing total internal reflection. The role of noise reflection gratings and shrinkage on the imaging characteristics of the device will be also explored. The holograms (slanted transmission gratings with a spatial frequency of 1690 lines/mm) were recorded on a polyvinyl alcohol acrylamide holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) material. We will show that sufficient refractive index modulation is achieved in the material, in order to obtain high diffraction efficiencies. We will demonstrate that the final device acts as an image formation system.

Keywords: diffraction gratings; holographic waveguide; holography; photopolymers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Holographic waveguide by two transmission holograms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Couple-in diffraction grating.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Recording and reconstruction geometry.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Noise gratings recorded in the photopolymer. (a) Noise grating due to the reference wave and its reflected counterpart. (b) Noise grating due to the object wave and its reflected counterpart. (c) Noise grating due to the reference wave and the reflected object wave. (d) Noise grating due to the object wave and the reflected reference wave.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Noise gratings recorded in the photopolymer. (a) Noise grating due to the reference wave and its reflected counterpart. (b) Noise grating due to the object wave and its reflected counterpart. (c) Noise grating due to the reference wave and the reflected object wave. (d) Noise grating due to the object wave and the reflected reference wave.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Geometry of the interference fringes.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Diffraction and transmission efficiency as a function of the angle for a noise reflection grating after swelling.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Photography of the recorded waveguide.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Transmission efficiency as a function of the angle made by the incident ray with respect to the normal of the sample for a slanted recorded grating of spatial frequency 1690 lines/mm.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Transmission efficiency as a function of the angle made by the incident ray with respect to the normal of the sample for a slanted recorded grating of spatial frequency 1700 lines/mm.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Recorded waveguide under illumination.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) Test image. (b) Image observed in the couple out hologram.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Günther A., Petermann A.B., Gleissner U., Hanemann T., Reithmeier E., Rahlves M., Meinhardt-Wollweber M., Morgner U., Roth B. Cladded self-written multimode step-index waveguidesusing a one-polymer approach. Opt. Lett. 2015;40:1830–1833. doi: 10.1364/OL.40.001830. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Khrapko R., Lai C., Casey J., Wood W.A., Borrelli N.F. Accumulated self-focusing of ultraviolet light in silica glass. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014;105:244110. doi: 10.1063/1.4904098. - DOI
    1. Li H., Qi Y., Ryle J.P., Sheridan J.T. Self-written waveguides in a dry acrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol photopolymer material. Appl. Opt. 2014;53:8086–8094. doi: 10.1364/AO.53.008086. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cameron A. The application of holographic optical waveguide technology to q-sight family of helmet-mounted displays; Proceedings of the SPIE Optics + Photonics 2009; San Diego, CA, USA. 2–6 August 2009; p. 73260H.
    1. Eisen L., Meyklyar M., Golub M., Friesem A.A., Gurwich I., Weiss V. Planar configuration for image projection. Appl. Opt. 2006;45:4005–4011. doi: 10.1364/AO.45.004005. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources