Community Intervention Self-Efficacy Scale for Parent Leaders (CONNECTED): Parents' Empowerment to Prevent Adolescent Alcohol Use

Abstract

Empowering parents by actively engaging them in environmental prevention strategies is a promising approach that only a few programs use. Evidence suggests that when families and the wider community are engaged, alcohol prevention is more efficient. However, due to the novelty of this approach, no specific assessment tools for measuring this type of engagement are available. The objective of this study is to design a parental empowerment measurement tool to evaluate parents' self-efficacy when engaging in environmental and community actions and to analyze its psychometric properties. A total of 132 parents active in in-school parent associations from Spain (n = 77; 58.4%) and Portugal (n = 55; 41.7%) completed a pencil and paper battery of four questionnaires, including the developed scale COmmuNity iNtervention SElf-Efficacy SCale for ParenT LEaDers (CONNECTED). The scale showed a good reliability and good test-retest stability in a three-month period. The convergent validity with other well-established instruments that assess similar constructs was significant. A preliminary confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed an acceptable fit. Environmental prevention supported by families is a promising preventive strategy because the participation and involvement of families is an effective way to address some risks in adolescence; however, new assessment tools are needed in this field. The developed scale could be a first step to identify the areas of need in a community and to monitor the progress and evaluate the outcomes of the preventive interventions implemented.

Keywords: assessment; community participation; empowerment; environment; family; leadership; parents.

Figure 1

Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation model. From left to right, the item number (inside the box), loadings of the items of the questionnaire (in the center of the arrows), and covariation among the latent constructs (the arrows connecting the spheres) are shown for the four-factor model. Comparative fit index = 0.90; root mean square error of approximation = 0.16; chi-square = 373.227; degrees of freedom = 84. Note: indiv = individual self-efficacy; com = community self-efficacy; awar = community intervention awareness; action = community intervention actions.