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. 2020 Jun 1;10(3):251-260.
doi: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1155. eCollection 2020 Jun.

Influence Blocking by Gadolinium in Calcium Diffusion on Synapse Model: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Sutresno A  1 , Haryanto F  1 , Viridi S  1 , Arif I  1
Affiliations

Influence Blocking by Gadolinium in Calcium Diffusion on Synapse Model: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Sutresno A et al. J Biomed Phys Eng. .

Abstract

Background: Gadolinium (Gd3+) is a chemical element belonging to the lanthanide group and commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a contrast agent. However, recently, gadolinium has been reported deposition in the body after a patient receives multiple injections. Gadolinium is a potent block and competes with calcium diffusion into the presynaptic. There has not been a precise mechanism of gadolinium blocking calcium channel as a channel of calcium diffusion to presynaptic until now.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the mechanism of calcium influx model and the effect of neurotransmitter release to the synaptic cleft influenced by the presence of Gd3+.

Material and methods: Monte Carlo Cell simulation was used to analyze simulation and also Blender was used to create and visualize the model for synapse. The synapse modeled by a form resembling the actual synapse base on a spherical shape.

Results: The presence of gadolinium around the presynaptic has been disturbing diffusion of calcium influx presynaptic. The result shows that the presence of gadolinium around the presynaptic has caused a decrease in the amount of calcium influx presynaptic. These factors contribute to reducing the establishment of the active membrane, then the amount of synaptic vesicle docking and finally the amount of released neurotransmitter.

Conclusion: Gadolinium and calcium compete with each other across of calcium channel. The presence of gadolinium has caused a chain effect for signal transmission at the chemical synapse, reducing the amount of active membrane, synaptic vesicle docking, and releasing neurotransmitter.

Keywords: Contrast Agents; Diffusion; Gadolinium; Gadolinium Blocking; Monte Carlo Cell; Synapses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The model of synapse consisting of a presynaptic and a postsynaptic with calcium channel base on Neuroscience [13,17].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Synapse design use blender 2.69.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Time dependence of Ca2+ diffusion at all part of the synapse. The standard parameters (Table 1) used in this simulation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Time dependence of diffusion result of Ca2+ from outside to inside presynaptic with different number of Gd3+.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The Gd3+ blocking calcium channel at variety ratio Ca2+ and Gd3+ stepwise 20% blocking.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Time-dependent of Ca2+ in presynaptic with the variation amount of Gd3+.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of calcium channel density on surface presynaptic. Parameters are the same as shown in Table 1 except for calcium channel density. Amount of Gd3+ is equal in 2000.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Time dependence of active membrane creates by interaction with calcium in presynaptic
Figure 9
Figure 9
Time dependence of neurotransmitter release to synaptic cleft due to the influence of the number of Gd3+.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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