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. 2021 Apr;130(4):1307-1322.
doi: 10.1111/jam.14776. Epub 2020 Sep 20.

The molecular mechanisms of probiotic strains in improving ageing bone and muscle of d-galactose-induced ageing rats

Y-Y Hor  1   2 , C-H Ooi  3 , L-C Lew  1   2 , M H Jaafar  1   2 , A S-Y Lau  1 , B-K Lee  1 , A Azlan  4 , S-B Choi  5 , G Azzam  2   4 , M-T Liong  1   2
Affiliations

The molecular mechanisms of probiotic strains in improving ageing bone and muscle of d-galactose-induced ageing rats

Y-Y Hor et al. J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus strains in improving ageing of the musculoskeletal system.

Methods and results: The anti-ageing mechanism of three probiotics strains Lactobacillus fermentum DR9, Lactobacillus paracasei OFS 0291 and L. helveticus OFS 1515 were evaluated on gastrocnemius muscle and tibia of d-galactose-induced ageing rats. Upon senescence induction, aged rats demonstrated reduced antioxidative genes CAT and SOD expression in both bone and muscle compared to the young rats (P < 0·05). Strain L. fermentum DR9 demonstrated improved expression of SOD in bone and muscle compared to the aged rats (P < 0·05). In the evaluation of myogenesis-related genes, L. paracasei OFS 0291 and L. fermentum DR9 increased the mRNA expression of IGF-1; L. helveticus OFS 1515 and L. fermentum DR9 reduced the expression of MyoD, in contrast to the aged controls (P < 0·05). Protective effects of L. fermentum DR9 on ageing muscle were believed to be contributed by increased AMPK-α2 expression. Among the osteoclastogenesis genes studied, TNF-α expression was highly elevated in tibia of aged rats, while all three probiotics strains ameliorated the expression. Lactobacillus fermentum DR9 also reduced the expression of IL-6 and TRAP in tibia when compared to the aged rats (P < 0·05). All probiotics treatment resulted in declined proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β in muscle and bone.

Conclusions: Lactobacillus fermentum DR9 appeared to be the strongest strain in modulation of musculoskeletal health during ageing.

Significance and impact of the study: The study demonstrated the protective effects of the bacteria on muscle and bone through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore, L. fermentum DR9 may serve as a promising targeted anti-ageing therapy.

Keywords: anti-ageing; bone; inflammatory; muscle; probiotics.

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