Clinical insights into Charcot foot

Abstract

Charcot neuropathic arthropathy (CN) is a devastating condition resulting in non-reducible foot deformity that places patients with distal peripheral neuropathy at risk for the development of chronic neuropathic foot ulcers, major lower extremity amputation, and even death. The condition is often misdiagnosed early in its presentation because of a lack of knowledge among members of the medical community. Consequently, initial therapies for the condition are fewer and patients who present in more advanced stages of the condition are more difficult to manage. We now understand that CN is a multifactorial process resulting in unregulated osteoclastogenesis and bony destruction. Classically, the patient will present with an edematous, erythematous foot with increased temperature. These non-specific findings lead to a multitude of differential diagnoses. However, there are no diagnostic biomarkers or pathognomonic clinical signs to distinguish this condition from other common foot ailments seen in the context of peripheral neuropathy. Advancing our understanding of this condition, while educating the medical community about its devastating impact, is needed to advance and improve outcomes for patients affected by CN.

Keywords: Cast; Charcot foot; Charcot neuropathic arthropathy; Diabetic Charcot; Foot; Foot ulcer; Offloading; Rocker-bottom foot.