Pain Among Cancer Survivors

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is one of the most common symptoms that people with cancer experience. Identification of demographic, physiologic, and behavioral correlates of pain among cancer survivors could help identify subgroups most in need of pain management.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cancer Survivorship Optional Module, which was completed by 18 states and territories, to describe demographic and physiologic characteristics of cancer survivors reporting physical pain caused by cancer or cancer treatment. Adjusted and unadjusted population-based estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: Of 12,019 cancer survivor respondents, 9.5% reported current pain related to cancer or cancer treatment. Current pain differed significantly by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and cancer type. Current pain was reported most often among survivors with more than 3 chronic diseases (16.7%) compared with survivors with none (8.1%) or 1 or 2 (10.0%). Pain was higher among survivors reporting fair or poor general health (18.0%) than among survivors reporting otherwise, and higher among survivors reporting more than 14 days of poor physical health (16.6%) or poor mental health (14.8%) compared with less than 14 days (in the past 30 days).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that approximately 10% of cancer survivors in the United States are experiencing pain that may have persisted for years after their initial diagnosis and may not be adequately controlled. Increasing knowledge of the most appropriate pain management planning and strategies for controlling short- and long-term chronic pain among cancer survivors could help reduce the prevalence of pain.

Figure 1

Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of current pain related to cancer or cancer treatment by comorbid and behavioral characteristics. Data on hours of sleep per night among cancer survivors from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were available only for 2014 and 2016 (n = 9,910). Other chronic diseases included were a history of arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, diabetes, heart attack, heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Brackets indicate confidence intervals.

Figure 2

Percentage and 95% confidence intervals of current pain related to cancer or cancer treatment by physical and mental health characteristics. Brackets indicate confidence intervals.