The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Gilberto Pastorello¹, Carlo Trotta², Eleonora Canfora^{2

3}, Housen Chu⁴, Danielle Christianson⁵, You-Wei Cheah⁵, Cristina Poindexter⁶, Jiquan Chen⁷, Abdelrahman Elbashandy⁵, Marty Humphrey⁸, Peter Isaac⁹, Diego Polidori^{2

3}, Markus Reichstein¹⁰, Alessio Ribeca^{2

3}, Catharine van Ingen⁵, Nicolas Vuichard¹¹, Leiming Zhang¹², Brian Amiro¹³, Christof Ammann¹⁴, M Altaf Arain¹⁵, Jonas Ardö¹⁶, Timothy Arkebauer¹⁷, Stefan K Arndt¹⁸, Nicola Arriga^{19

20}, Marc Aubinet²¹, Mika Aurela²², Dennis Baldocchi²³, Alan Barr^{24

25}, Eric Beamesderfer¹⁵, Luca Belelli Marchesini^{26

27}, Onil Bergeron²⁸, Jason Beringer²⁹, Christian Bernhofer³⁰, Daniel Berveiller³¹, Dave Billesbach³², Thomas Andrew Black³³, Peter D Blanken³⁴, Gil Bohrer³⁵, Julia Boike^{36

37}, Paul V Bolstad³⁸, Damien Bonal³⁹, Jean-Marc Bonnefond⁴⁰, David R Bowling⁴¹, Rosvel Bracho⁴², Jason Brodeur⁴³, Christian Brümmer⁴⁴, Nina Buchmann⁴⁵, Benoit Burban⁴⁶, Sean P Burns^{34

47}, Pauline Buysse⁴⁸, Peter Cale⁴⁹, Mauro Cavagna²⁶, Pierre Cellier⁴⁸, Shiping Chen⁵⁰, Isaac Chini²⁶, Torben R Christensen⁵¹, James Cleverly^{52

53}, Alessio Collalti^{2

54}, Claudia Consalvo^{2

55}, Bruce D Cook⁵⁶, David Cook⁵⁷, Carole Coursolle^{58

59}, Edoardo Cremonese⁶⁰, Peter S Curtis⁶¹, Ettore D'Andrea⁵⁴, Humberto da Rocha⁶², Xiaoqin Dai¹², Kenneth J Davis⁶³, Bruno De Cinti⁶⁴, Agnes de Grandcourt⁶⁵, Anne De Ligne²¹, Raimundo C De Oliveira⁶⁶, Nicolas Delpierre³¹, Ankur R Desai⁶⁷, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella⁶⁸, Paul di Tommasi⁵⁴, Han Dolman⁶⁹, Francisco Domingo⁷⁰, Gang Dong⁷¹, Sabina Dore⁷², Pierpaolo Duce⁷³, Eric Dufrêne³¹, Allison Dunn⁷⁴, Jiří Dušek⁷⁵, Derek Eamus⁵², Uwe Eichelmann³⁰, Hatim Abdalla M ElKhidir⁷⁶, Werner Eugster⁴⁵, Cacilia M Ewenz⁷⁷, Brent Ewers⁷⁸, Daniela Famulari⁵⁴, Silvano Fares^{79

80}, Iris Feigenwinter⁴⁵, Andrew Feitz⁸¹, Rasmus Fensholt⁸², Gianluca Filippa⁶⁰, Marc Fischer⁸³, John Frank⁸⁴, Marta Galvagno⁶⁰, Mana Gharun⁴⁵, Damiano Gianelle²⁶, Bert Gielen¹⁹, Beniamino Gioli⁸⁵, Anatoly Gitelson⁸⁶, Ignacio Goded²⁰, Mathias Goeckede⁸⁷, Allen H Goldstein²³, Christopher M Gough⁸⁸, Michael L Goulden⁸⁹, Alexander Graf⁹⁰, Anne Griebel¹⁸, Carsten Gruening²⁰, Thomas Grünwald³⁰, Albin Hammerle⁹¹, Shijie Han^{92

93}, Xingguo Han⁵⁰, Birger Ulf Hansen⁸², Chad Hanson⁹⁴, Juha Hatakka²², Yongtao He^{12

95}, Markus Hehn³⁰, Bernard Heinesch²¹, Nina Hinko-Najera⁹⁶, Lukas Hörtnagl⁴⁵, Lindsay Hutley⁹⁷, Andreas Ibrom⁹⁸, Hiroki Ikawa⁹⁹, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski^{16

51}, Dalibor Janouš⁷⁵, Wilma Jans¹⁰⁰, Rachhpal Jassal³³, Shicheng Jiang¹⁰¹, Tomomichi Kato^{102

103}, Myroslava Khomik^{15

104}, Janina Klatt¹⁰⁵, Alexander Knohl^{106

107}, Sara Knox¹⁰⁸, Hideki Kobayashi¹⁰⁹, Georgia Koerber¹¹⁰, Olaf Kolle⁸⁷, Yoshiko Kosugi¹¹¹, Ayumi Kotani¹¹², Andrew Kowalski¹¹³, Bart Kruijt¹¹⁴, Julia Kurbatova¹¹⁵, Werner L Kutsch¹¹⁶, Hyojung Kwon⁹⁴, Samuli Launiainen¹¹⁷, Tuomas Laurila²², Bev Law⁹⁴, Ray Leuning, Yingnian Li¹¹⁸, Michael Liddell¹¹⁹, Jean-Marc Limousin¹²⁰, Marryanna Lion¹²¹, Adam J Liska³², Annalea Lohila^{22

122}, Ana López-Ballesteros¹²³, Efrén López-Blanco⁵¹, Benjamin Loubet⁴⁸, Denis Loustau⁴⁰, Antje Lucas-Moffat^{44

124}, Johannes Lüers^{125

126}, Siyan Ma²³, Craig Macfarlane¹²⁷, Vincenzo Magliulo⁵⁴, Regine Maier⁴⁵, Ivan Mammarella¹²², Giovanni Manca²⁰, Barbara Marcolla²⁶, Hank A Margolis⁵⁹, Serena Marras^{3

128}, William Massman⁸⁴, Mikhail Mastepanov^{51

129}, Roser Matamala⁵⁷, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes¹³⁰, Francesco Mazzenga¹³¹, Harry McCaughey¹³², Ian McHugh¹⁸, Andrew M S McMillan¹³³, Lutz Merbold¹³⁴, Wayne Meyer¹¹⁰, Tilden Meyers¹³⁵, Scott D Miller¹³⁶, Stefano Minerbi¹³⁷, Uta Moderow³⁰, Russell K Monson¹³⁸, Leonardo Montagnani^{137

139}, Caitlin E Moore¹⁴⁰, Eddy Moors^{141

142}, Virginie Moreaux^{40

143}, Christine Moureaux²¹, J William Munger^{144

145}, Taro Nakai^{146

147}, Johan Neirynck¹⁴⁸, Zoran Nesic³³, Giacomo Nicolini^{2

3}, Asko Noormets¹⁴⁹, Matthew Northwood¹⁵⁰, Marcelo Nosetto^{151

152}, Yann Nouvellon^{65

153}, Kimberly Novick¹⁵⁴, Walter Oechel^{155

156}, Jørgen Eivind Olesen^{157

158}, Jean-Marc Ourcival¹²⁰, Shirley A Papuga¹⁵⁹, Frans-Jan Parmentier^{16

160}, Eugenie Paul-Limoges¹⁶¹, Marian Pavelka⁷⁵, Matthias Peichl¹⁶², Elise Pendall¹⁶³, Richard P Phillips¹⁶⁴, Kim Pilegaard⁹⁸, Norbert Pirk^{16

165}, Gabriela Posse¹⁶⁶, Thomas Powell⁴, Heiko Prasse³⁰, Suzanne M Prober¹⁶⁵, Serge Rambal¹²⁰, Üllar Rannik¹²², Naama Raz-Yaseef⁴, Corinna Rebmann¹⁶⁷, David Reed¹⁶⁸, Victor Resco de Dios^{163

169}, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe¹³⁸, Borja R Reverter¹⁷⁰, Marilyn Roland¹⁹, Simone Sabbatini², Torsten Sachs¹⁷¹, Scott R Saleska¹³⁸, Enrique P Sánchez-Cañete^{113

172}, Zulia M Sanchez-Mejia¹⁷³, Hans Peter Schmid¹⁰⁵, Marius Schmidt⁹⁰, Karl Schneider¹⁷⁴, Frederik Schrader⁴⁴, Ivan Schroder¹⁷⁵, Russell L Scott¹⁷⁶, Pavel Sedlák^{75

177}, Penélope Serrano-Ortíz^{172

178}, Changliang Shao¹⁷⁹, Peili Shi¹², Ivan Shironya¹¹⁵, Lukas Siebicke¹⁰⁶, Ladislav Šigut⁷⁵, Richard Silberstein^{29

180}, Costantino Sirca^{3

128}, Donatella Spano^{3

128}, Rainer Steinbrecher¹⁰⁵, Robert M Stevens¹⁸¹, Cove Sturtevant¹⁸², Andy Suyker⁸⁶, Torbern Tagesson^{16

82}, Satoru Takanashi¹⁸³, Yanhong Tang¹⁸⁴, Nigel Tapper¹⁸⁵, Jonathan Thom¹⁸⁶, Michele Tomassucci^{2

187}, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen²², Shawn Urbanski¹⁸⁸, Riccardo Valentini^{2

3}, Michiel van der Molen¹⁸⁹, Eva van Gorsel¹⁹⁰, Ko van Huissteden⁶⁹, Andrej Varlagin¹¹⁵, Joseph Verfaillie²³, Timo Vesala¹²², Caroline Vincke¹⁹¹, Domenico Vitale^{2

3}, Natalia Vygodskaya¹¹⁵, Jeffrey P Walker¹⁹², Elizabeth Walter-Shea⁸⁶, Huimin Wang¹², Robin Weber²³, Sebastian Westermann¹⁶⁶, Christian Wille¹⁷¹, Steven Wofsy^{144

145}, Georg Wohlfahrt⁹¹, Sebastian Wolf⁴⁵, William Woodgate^{193

194}, Yuelin Li¹⁹⁵, Roberto Zampedri²⁶, Junhui Zhang⁹³, Guoyi Zhou¹⁹⁶, Donatella Zona^{155

197}, Deb Agarwal⁵, Sebastien Biraud⁴, Margaret Torn⁴, Dario Papale^{198

199}

Affiliations

¹ Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. gzpastorello@lbl.gov.
² DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
³ Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC), Lecce, 73100, Italy.
⁴ Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
⁵ Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
⁶ Department of Civil Engineering, California State University, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
⁷ Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
⁸ Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
⁹ TERN Ecosystem Processes, Menzies Creek, VIC3159, Australia.
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07701, Germany.
¹¹ Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France.
¹² Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
¹³ Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T2N2, Canada.
¹⁴ Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope Research Institute, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland.
¹⁵ School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, L8S4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden.
¹⁷ Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
¹⁸ School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC3121, Australia.
¹⁹ Department of Biology, Research Group PLECO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
²⁰ Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, 21027, Italy.
²¹ TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Belgium.
²² Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
²³ ESPM, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
²⁴ Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N3H5, Canada.
²⁵ Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N3H5, Canada.
²⁶ Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, 38010, Italy.
²⁷ Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
²⁸ Direction du marché du carbone, Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, G1R5V7, Canada.
²⁹ School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
³⁰ Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany.
³¹ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Orsay, 91405, France.
³² Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
³³ Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.
³⁴ Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
³⁵ Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
³⁶ Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14482, Germany.
³⁷ Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³⁸ Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
³⁹ Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, 54000, France.
⁴⁰ ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France.
⁴¹ School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
⁴² School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
⁴³ McMaster University Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L6, Canada.
⁴⁴ Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
⁴⁵ Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
⁴⁶ INRAE UMR ECOFOG, Kourou, 97387, French Guiana.
⁴⁷ Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
⁴⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France.
⁴⁹ Australian Landscape Trust, Renmark, SA5341, Australia.
⁵⁰ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
⁵¹ Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.
⁵² School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
⁵³ Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network TERN, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
⁵⁴ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy, Ercolano, 80056, Italy.
⁵⁵ Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Porano, 05010, Italy.
⁵⁶ Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA.
⁵⁷ Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
⁵⁸ Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, G1V4C7, Canada.
⁵⁹ Centre d'étude de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.
⁶⁰ Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Saint Christophe, 11020, Italy.
⁶¹ Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
⁶² Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01000-000, Brazil.
⁶³ Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
⁶⁴ Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Montelibretti, 00010, Italy.
⁶⁵ UMR Eco&Sols, CIRAD, Montpellier, 34060, France.
⁶⁶ Pedology, Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belém, PA, 68020640, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
⁶⁸ Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina.
⁶⁹ Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
⁷⁰ Desertification and Geoecology Department, Experimental Station of Arid Zones, CSIC, Almería, 04120, Spain.
⁷¹ School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
⁷² HydroFocus, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
⁷³ Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
⁷⁴ Department of Earth, Environment, and Physics, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, 01602, USA.
⁷⁵ Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60300, Czech Republic.
⁷⁶ ElObeid Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation, ElObeid, 51111, Sudan.
⁷⁷ Airborne Research Australia, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, Parafield, 5106, Australia.
⁷⁸ Department of Botany, Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. Univ. Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
⁷⁹ Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, 00100, Italy.
⁸⁰ Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, 00166, Italy.
⁸¹ Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
⁸² Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.
⁸³ Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
⁸⁴ USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
⁸⁵ Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Firenze, 50145, Italy.
⁸⁶ School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
⁸⁷ Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 03641, Germany.
⁸⁸ Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
⁸⁹ Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
⁹⁰ Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52428, Germany.
⁹¹ Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
⁹² International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450000, China.
⁹³ Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
⁹⁴ Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA.
⁹⁵ College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
⁹⁶ School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC3363, Australia.
⁹⁷ Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, 0909, Australia.
⁹⁸ Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
⁹⁹ Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan.
¹⁰⁰ Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands.
¹⁰¹ Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
¹⁰² Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
¹⁰³ GI-Core, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan.
¹⁰⁴ Geography and Environmental Management, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
¹⁰⁵ Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany.
¹⁰⁶ Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37077, Germany.
¹⁰⁷ Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37077, Germany.
¹⁰⁸ Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z2, Canada.
¹⁰⁹ Research Institute for Global Change, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokoama, 236-0001, Japan.
¹¹⁰ Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5064, Australia.
¹¹¹ Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
¹¹² Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan.
¹¹³ Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
¹¹⁴ Water systems and Global Change group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6500, The Netherlands.
¹¹⁵ A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
¹¹⁶ Head Office, Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS ERIC), Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
¹¹⁷ Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, 00790, Finland.
¹¹⁸ Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
¹¹⁹ Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.
¹²⁰ CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.
¹²¹ Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, 52109, Malaysia.
¹²² Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
¹²³ Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.
¹²⁴ German Meteorological Service (DWD), Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
¹²⁵ Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany.
¹²⁶ Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany.
¹²⁷ CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, 6014, Australia.
¹²⁸ Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
¹²⁹ Oulanka research station, University of Oulu, Kuusamo, 93900, Finland.
¹³⁰ Dept. Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA.
¹³¹ Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.
¹³² Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
¹³³ Environmental Analytics NZ, Ltd. Raumati South, Paraparaumu, 5032, New Zealand.
¹³⁴ Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
¹³⁵ NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
¹³⁶ Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12203, USA.
¹³⁷ Forest Department of South Tyrol, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
¹³⁸ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
¹³⁹ Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
¹⁴⁰ Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
¹⁴¹ IHE Delft, Delft, 2611, The Netherlands.
¹⁴² Faculty of Science, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands.
¹⁴³ University Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, 38000, France.
¹⁴⁴ School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
¹⁴⁵ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
¹⁴⁶ School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 0617, Taiwan.
¹⁴⁷ International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
¹⁴⁸ Environment and Climate, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, 9500, Belgium.
¹⁴⁹ Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
¹⁵⁰ Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, 0810, Australia.
¹⁵¹ Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (UNSL & CONICET), San Luis, D5700HHW, Argentina.
¹⁵² Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias (UNER), Oro Verde, 3100, Argentina.
¹⁵³ Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France.
¹⁵⁴ O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
¹⁵⁵ Global Change Research Group, Dept. Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
¹⁵⁶ Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44RJ, United Kingdom.
¹⁵⁷ Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark.
¹⁵⁸ iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark.
¹⁵⁹ Department of Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
¹⁶⁰ Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0315, Norway.
¹⁶¹ Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
¹⁶² Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden.
¹⁶³ Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, Australia.
¹⁶⁴ Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA.
¹⁶⁵ CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, 6913, Australia.
¹⁶⁶ Instituto de Clima y Agua, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, 1686, Argentina.
¹⁶⁷ Department Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany.
¹⁶⁸ Center for Global Change & Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
¹⁶⁹ School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
¹⁷⁰ Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, PB, 58397-000, Brazil.
¹⁷¹ Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.
¹⁷² Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (CEAMA-IISTA), Granada, 18006, Spain.
¹⁷³ Ciencias del Agua y Medioambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, 85000, Mexico.
¹⁷⁴ Geographical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany.
¹⁷⁵ Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 2609, Australia.
¹⁷⁶ Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
¹⁷⁷ Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14100, Czech Republic.
¹⁷⁸ Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
¹⁷⁹ National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
¹⁸⁰ School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Australia.
¹⁸¹ Sentek Pty Ltd, Stepney, SA5069, Australia.
¹⁸² National Ecological Observatory Network Program, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
¹⁸³ Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto, 612-0855, Japan.
¹⁸⁴ College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
¹⁸⁵ School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
¹⁸⁶ Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
¹⁸⁷ Terrasystem srl, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
¹⁸⁸ USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, 59808, USA.
¹⁸⁹ Meteorology and Air Quality group, Wageningen University, 6500, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁹⁰ Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
¹⁹¹ Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, 1348, Belgium.
¹⁹² Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
¹⁹³ CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
¹⁹⁴ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
¹⁹⁵ South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
¹⁹⁶ College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
¹⁹⁷ Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S102TN, United Kingdom.
¹⁹⁸ DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy. darpap@unitus.it.
¹⁹⁹ Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC), Lecce, 73100, Italy. darpap@unitus.it.

PMID: 32647314
PMCID: PMC7347557
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3

The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Gilberto Pastorello et al. Sci Data. 2020.

. 2020 Jul 9;7(1):225.

doi: 10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. gzpastorello@lbl.gov.
² DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
³ Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC), Lecce, 73100, Italy.
⁴ Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
⁵ Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
⁶ Department of Civil Engineering, California State University, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
⁷ Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
⁸ Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
⁹ TERN Ecosystem Processes, Menzies Creek, VIC3159, Australia.
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07701, Germany.
¹¹ Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France.
¹² Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
¹³ Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T2N2, Canada.
¹⁴ Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope Research Institute, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland.
¹⁵ School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, L8S4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden.
¹⁷ Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
¹⁸ School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC3121, Australia.
¹⁹ Department of Biology, Research Group PLECO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
²⁰ Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, 21027, Italy.
²¹ TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Belgium.
²² Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
²³ ESPM, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
²⁴ Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N3H5, Canada.
²⁵ Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N3H5, Canada.
²⁶ Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, 38010, Italy.
²⁷ Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
²⁸ Direction du marché du carbone, Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, G1R5V7, Canada.
²⁹ School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
³⁰ Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany.
³¹ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Orsay, 91405, France.
³² Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
³³ Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.
³⁴ Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
³⁵ Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
³⁶ Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14482, Germany.
³⁷ Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³⁸ Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
³⁹ Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, 54000, France.
⁴⁰ ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France.
⁴¹ School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
⁴² School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
⁴³ McMaster University Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L6, Canada.
⁴⁴ Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
⁴⁵ Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
⁴⁶ INRAE UMR ECOFOG, Kourou, 97387, French Guiana.
⁴⁷ Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
⁴⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France.
⁴⁹ Australian Landscape Trust, Renmark, SA5341, Australia.
⁵⁰ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
⁵¹ Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.
⁵² School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
⁵³ Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network TERN, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia.
⁵⁴ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy, Ercolano, 80056, Italy.
⁵⁵ Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Porano, 05010, Italy.
⁵⁶ Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA.
⁵⁷ Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
⁵⁸ Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, G1V4C7, Canada.
⁵⁹ Centre d'étude de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.
⁶⁰ Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Saint Christophe, 11020, Italy.
⁶¹ Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
⁶² Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01000-000, Brazil.
⁶³ Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
⁶⁴ Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Montelibretti, 00010, Italy.
⁶⁵ UMR Eco&Sols, CIRAD, Montpellier, 34060, France.
⁶⁶ Pedology, Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, Belém, PA, 68020640, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
⁶⁸ Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina.
⁶⁹ Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
⁷⁰ Desertification and Geoecology Department, Experimental Station of Arid Zones, CSIC, Almería, 04120, Spain.
⁷¹ School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
⁷² HydroFocus, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
⁷³ Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
⁷⁴ Department of Earth, Environment, and Physics, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, 01602, USA.
⁷⁵ Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60300, Czech Republic.
⁷⁶ ElObeid Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation, ElObeid, 51111, Sudan.
⁷⁷ Airborne Research Australia, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, Parafield, 5106, Australia.
⁷⁸ Department of Botany, Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. Univ. Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
⁷⁹ Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, 00100, Italy.
⁸⁰ Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, 00166, Italy.
⁸¹ Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
⁸² Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.
⁸³ Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
⁸⁴ USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
⁸⁵ Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Firenze, 50145, Italy.
⁸⁶ School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
⁸⁷ Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 03641, Germany.
⁸⁸ Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
⁸⁹ Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
⁹⁰ Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52428, Germany.
⁹¹ Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
⁹² International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450000, China.
⁹³ Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
⁹⁴ Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA.
⁹⁵ College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
⁹⁶ School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC3363, Australia.
⁹⁷ Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, 0909, Australia.
⁹⁸ Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
⁹⁹ Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan.
¹⁰⁰ Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands.
¹⁰¹ Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
¹⁰² Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
¹⁰³ GI-Core, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan.
¹⁰⁴ Geography and Environmental Management, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.
¹⁰⁵ Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany.
¹⁰⁶ Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37077, Germany.
¹⁰⁷ Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37077, Germany.
¹⁰⁸ Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z2, Canada.
¹⁰⁹ Research Institute for Global Change, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokoama, 236-0001, Japan.
¹¹⁰ Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5064, Australia.
¹¹¹ Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
¹¹² Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan.
¹¹³ Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
¹¹⁴ Water systems and Global Change group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6500, The Netherlands.
¹¹⁵ A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
¹¹⁶ Head Office, Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS ERIC), Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
¹¹⁷ Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, 00790, Finland.
¹¹⁸ Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
¹¹⁹ Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.
¹²⁰ CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.
¹²¹ Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, 52109, Malaysia.
¹²² Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland.
¹²³ Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland.
¹²⁴ German Meteorological Service (DWD), Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany.
¹²⁵ Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany.
¹²⁶ Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany.
¹²⁷ CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, 6014, Australia.
¹²⁸ Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
¹²⁹ Oulanka research station, University of Oulu, Kuusamo, 93900, Finland.
¹³⁰ Dept. Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA.
¹³¹ Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.
¹³² Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
¹³³ Environmental Analytics NZ, Ltd. Raumati South, Paraparaumu, 5032, New Zealand.
¹³⁴ Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
¹³⁵ NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
¹³⁶ Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12203, USA.
¹³⁷ Forest Department of South Tyrol, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
¹³⁸ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
¹³⁹ Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
¹⁴⁰ Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
¹⁴¹ IHE Delft, Delft, 2611, The Netherlands.
¹⁴² Faculty of Science, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands.
¹⁴³ University Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, 38000, France.
¹⁴⁴ School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
¹⁴⁵ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
¹⁴⁶ School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 0617, Taiwan.
¹⁴⁷ International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
¹⁴⁸ Environment and Climate, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, 9500, Belgium.
¹⁴⁹ Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
¹⁵⁰ Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, 0810, Australia.
¹⁵¹ Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (UNSL & CONICET), San Luis, D5700HHW, Argentina.
¹⁵² Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias (UNER), Oro Verde, 3100, Argentina.
¹⁵³ Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France.
¹⁵⁴ O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
¹⁵⁵ Global Change Research Group, Dept. Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
¹⁵⁶ Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44RJ, United Kingdom.
¹⁵⁷ Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark.
¹⁵⁸ iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark.
¹⁵⁹ Department of Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
¹⁶⁰ Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0315, Norway.
¹⁶¹ Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
¹⁶² Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden.
¹⁶³ Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, Australia.
¹⁶⁴ Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA.
¹⁶⁵ CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, 6913, Australia.
¹⁶⁶ Instituto de Clima y Agua, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, 1686, Argentina.
¹⁶⁷ Department Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany.
¹⁶⁸ Center for Global Change & Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
¹⁶⁹ School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
¹⁷⁰ Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, PB, 58397-000, Brazil.
¹⁷¹ Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.
¹⁷² Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (CEAMA-IISTA), Granada, 18006, Spain.
¹⁷³ Ciencias del Agua y Medioambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, 85000, Mexico.
¹⁷⁴ Geographical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany.
¹⁷⁵ Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 2609, Australia.
¹⁷⁶ Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
¹⁷⁷ Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14100, Czech Republic.
¹⁷⁸ Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
¹⁷⁹ National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
¹⁸⁰ School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Australia.
¹⁸¹ Sentek Pty Ltd, Stepney, SA5069, Australia.
¹⁸² National Ecological Observatory Network Program, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
¹⁸³ Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto, 612-0855, Japan.
¹⁸⁴ College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
¹⁸⁵ School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
¹⁸⁶ Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
¹⁸⁷ Terrasystem srl, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
¹⁸⁸ USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, 59808, USA.
¹⁸⁹ Meteorology and Air Quality group, Wageningen University, 6500, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
¹⁹⁰ Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
¹⁹¹ Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, 1348, Belgium.
¹⁹² Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
¹⁹³ CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
¹⁹⁴ School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
¹⁹⁵ South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
¹⁹⁶ College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
¹⁹⁷ Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S102TN, United Kingdom.
¹⁹⁸ DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy. darpap@unitus.it.
¹⁹⁹ Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC), Lecce, 73100, Italy. darpap@unitus.it.

PMID: 32647314
PMCID: PMC7347557
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3

Erratum in

Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data.
Pastorello G, Trotta C, Canfora E, Chu H, Christianson D, Cheah YW, Poindexter C, Chen J, Elbashandy A, Humphrey M, Isaac P, Polidori D, Reichstein M, Ribeca A, van Ingen C, Vuichard N, Zhang L, Amiro B, Ammann C, Arain MA, Ardö J, Arkebauer T, Arndt SK, Arriga N, Aubinet M, Aurela M, Baldocchi D, Barr A, Beamesderfer E, Marchesini LB, Bergeron O, Beringer J, Bernhofer C, Berveiller D, Billesbach D, Black TA, Blanken PD, Bohrer G, Boike J, Bolstad PV, Bonal D, Bonnefond JM, Bowling DR, Bracho R, Brodeur J, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Burban B, Burns SP, Buysse P, Cale P, Cavagna M, Cellier P, Chen S, Chini I, Christensen TR, Cleverly J, Collalti A, Consalvo C, Cook BD, Cook D, Coursolle C, Cremonese E, Curtis PS, D'Andrea E, da Rocha H, Dai X, Davis KJ, De Cinti B, de Grandcourt A, De Ligne A, De Oliveira RC, Delpierre N, Desai AR, Di Bella CM, di Tommasi P, Dolman H, Domingo F, Dong G, Dore S, Duce P, Dufrêne E, Dunn A, Dušek J, Eamus D, Eichelmann U, ElKhidir HAM, Eugster W, Ewenz CM, Ewers B, Famulari D, Fares S, Feigenwinter I, Feitz A, Fensholt R, Filippa G, Fischer M, Frank J, Galvagno M, Gharun M, Gianelle D, Gielen B, Gioli B, Gitelson A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Goldstein AH, Goug… See abstract for full author list ➔ Pastorello G, et al. Sci Data. 2021 Feb 25;8(1):72. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00851-9. Sci Data. 2021. PMID: 33633116 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO₂, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Map of 206 tower sites included in this paper from the 212 sites in the February 2020 release of the FLUXNET2015 dataset. The size of the circle indicates the length of the data record. The color of the circles represents the ecosystem type based on the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) definition. When overlapping, locations are offset slightly to improve readability. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of sites in each IGBP group. The inset shows the distribution of data record lengths. See also Supplementary Fig. SM4 for continental scale maps of Australia, Europe, and North America.

**Fig. 2**
The logic of the data processing steps for FLUXNET2015 (details about the different steps and meaning of abbreviations in the text).

**Fig. 3**
To identify and remove data collected under low turbulence conditions, under which advective fluxes could lead to an underestimation of fluxes, filtering based on the USTAR threshold was used. In order to estimate the uncertainty in the USTAR threshold calculation, a bootstrapping approach was implemented, with a selection of values representative of the distribution included in the final data products. From the (up to) 200 thresholds from the combined bootstrapping of the two methods, 40 percentiles are extracted. All the subsequent steps of the pipeline are applied to all 40 versions. For each of the final output products (e.g., NEE, as illustrated here), seven percentiles representative of the distribution are included.

**Fig. 4**
Example of the distribution of USTAR thresholds calculated for each year using the MP method in blue and CP method in green for the US-UMB site (dark green where they overlap). All these thresholds were pulled together to extract the CUT final 40 thresholds, while for the VUT thresholds, each year was pulled with the two immediately before and after (e.g., 2005 + 2006 + 2007 to extract the 40 thresholds to be used to filter 2006). Note that the level of agreement between methods and between subsequent years is variable, justifying the approach that propagates this variability into uncertainty in NEE.

**Fig. 5**
Ranked USTAR thresholds based on median threshold and error bars showing 25^th to 75^th percentiles of the 40 thresholds calculated with the Constant USTAR Threshold (CUT) method – only computed for sites with 3 or more years, so only 177 sites out of the 206 are shown. Colors show different ecosystem classes based on the site’s IGBP.

**Fig. 6**
Distribution of the yearly (a) net ecosystem exchange (NEE), (b) gross primary production (GPP), and (c) ecosystem respiration (RECO) in FLUXNET2015. Only data with QC flag (NEE_VUT_REF_QC) higher than 0.5 are shown here. The values are reference NEE, GPP, and RECO based on the Variable USTAR Threshold (VUT) and selected reference for model efficiency (REF). GPP and RECO are based on the nighttime partitioning (NT) method. The grey histogram (bin width 100 gC m⁻² y⁻¹) shows the flux distribution in 1224 of the available site-years; negative GPP and RECO values are kept to preserve distributions, see Data processing methods section for details. Black lines show the distribution curves based on published data^,. The boxplots show the flux distribution (i.e., 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles) for vegetation types defined and color-coded according to IGBP (International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme) definitions. Circles represent data points beyond the 1.5-times interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile) plus the 75th percentile or minus 25th percentile (whisker). Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of site-years used in each IGBP group. The NO-Blv site from the snow/ice IGBP group is not shown in the boxplots.

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References

1. Aubinet, M., Vesala, T. & Papale, D. (Eds.). Eddy Covariance: A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2012).
1. Aubinet, M. et al. Estimates of the Annual Net Carbon and Water Exchange of Forests: The EUROFLUX Methodology, in Advances in Ecological Research (ed. Fitter, A. H., Raffaelli, D. G.), pp. 113–175 (Elsevier, 1999).
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The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

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The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

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