. 2021 Feb;25(2):311-321.

doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0.

Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Glenn-Milo Santos^{1

2}, Benjamin Ackerman³, Amrita Rao⁴, Sara Wallach⁴, George Ayala⁵, Erik Lamontage^{6

7}, Alex Garner⁸, Ian W Holloway⁹, Sonya Arreola⁵, Vince Silenzio¹⁰, Susanne Strömdahl^{11

12}, Louis Yu¹³, Carol Strong¹⁴, Tyler Adamson⁴, Anna Yakusik⁶, Tran Thu Doan¹⁵, Poyao Huang¹⁶, Damiano Cerasuolo¹⁷, Amie Bishop¹⁸, Teymur Noori¹⁹, Anastasia Pharris¹⁹, Max Aung¹⁵, Masoud Dara²⁰, Ssu Yu Chung²¹, Marguerite Hanley²², Stefan Baral⁴, Chris Beyrer⁴, Sean Howell²¹

Affiliations

¹ Community Health Systems Department, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Glenn-Milo.Santos@ucsf.edu.
² Center of Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA. Glenn-Milo.Santos@ucsf.edu.
³ Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁵ MPact Global Action for Gay Men's Health and Rights, Oakland, CA, USA.
⁶ Joint United Nations Programme On HIV and AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁷ Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE, Chemin du Château Lafarge, 13290, Les Milles, France.
⁸ , Hornet, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁹ Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
¹¹ Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹² Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹³ Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
¹⁵ Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Communication, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
¹⁷ University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.
¹⁸ OutRight Action International, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁹ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.
²⁰ WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²¹ LGBT Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA.
²² Tech4HIV, San Francisco, CA, USA.

PMID: 32654021
PMCID: PMC7352092
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0

Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Glenn-Milo Santos et al. AIDS Behav. 2021 Feb.

. 2021 Feb;25(2):311-321.

doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Community Health Systems Department, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Glenn-Milo.Santos@ucsf.edu.
² Center of Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA. Glenn-Milo.Santos@ucsf.edu.
³ Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁵ MPact Global Action for Gay Men's Health and Rights, Oakland, CA, USA.
⁶ Joint United Nations Programme On HIV and AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁷ Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE, Chemin du Château Lafarge, 13290, Les Milles, France.
⁸ , Hornet, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁹ Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
¹¹ Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹² Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
¹³ Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
¹⁵ Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Communication, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
¹⁷ University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France.
¹⁸ OutRight Action International, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁹ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.
²⁰ WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²¹ LGBT Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA.
²² Tech4HIV, San Francisco, CA, USA.

PMID: 32654021
PMCID: PMC7352092
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0

Abstract
in English, Spanish

There is an urgent need to measure the impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of gay men and other MSM (n = 2732) from April 16, 2020 to May 4, 2020, through a social networking app. We characterized the economic, mental health, HIV prevention and HIV treatment impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 response, and examined whether sub-groups of our study population are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Many gay men and other MSM not only reported economic and mental health consequences, but also interruptions to HIV prevention and testing, and HIV care and treatment services. These consequences were significantly greater among people living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, sex workers, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. These findings highlight the urgent need to mitigate the negative impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other MSM.

Existe una necesidad urgente para medir los impactos de COVID-19 entre hombres gay y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Hemos conducido una encuesta multifuncional con una prueba mundial de hombres gay y otros HSH (n = 2732) desde el 16 de Abril hasta el 4 de Mayo del 2020, a través de una aplicación de red social. Nosotros caracterizamos los impactos económicos, de salud mental, prevención del VIH y tratamiento del VIH e impactos a COVID-19 y la respuesta de COVID-19, y examinamos si subgrupos de nuestra población de estudio fueron impactados desproporcionadamente por COVID-19. Muchos hombres no tan solo reportaron consecuencias económicas y de salud mental, sino también interrupciones de prevención y de pruebas de VIH, y cuidado del VIH y servicios de tratamiento. Encontramos consecuencias más significantes entre personas viviendo con VIH, grupos raciales/etnicos, migrantes, sexo servidores, y groupos socioeconomicamente disfavorecidos. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad crucial de mitigar los impactos multifacéticos de COVID-19 entre los hombres homosexuales y otros HSH, especialmente para aquellos con vulnerabilidades entrelazadas.

Keywords: AIDS; COVID-19; Economic impact; Gay; HIV; Men who have sex with men; Mental health.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Affiliations

Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Conflict of interest statement

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous

Abstract in English, Spanish

Conflict of interest statement

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous

Abstract
in English, Spanish