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. 2020 Oct:147:104385.
doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104385. Epub 2020 Jul 11.

Identification of enterobacteria in viscera of pigs afflicted with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and other viral co-infections

Ge Zhao  1 , Lujie Zhang  2 , Charles Li  3 , Jianmei Zhao  1 , Na Liu  1 , Yuehua Li  1 , Junwei Wang  4 , Liheng Liu  5
Affiliations

Identification of enterobacteria in viscera of pigs afflicted with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and other viral co-infections

Ge Zhao et al. Microb Pathog. 2020 Oct.

Abstract

In order to investigate enterobacteria presence involved in the secondary infections in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) pigs with different viral co-infections, we identified enterobacteria for guiding clinical treatment. Twenty-one diseased pigs were diagnosed with the PRRS virus (PRRSV) and other 7 virus primers by PCR/RT-PCR in the lung and spleen samples. Enterobacteria were isolated using MacConkey agar from 5 visceral samples of PRRS pigs, and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. PRRSV was positive in 100% of the lung samples and 81.0% of the spleen samples. Seven diseased pigs were diagnosed with only PRRSV infection (33.3%), 7 pigs with PRRSV and 1 or 2 other viruses (33.3%) and 7 pigs with PRRSV and more than 2 types of other viruses (33.3%). PRRSV was more inclined to co-infect pigs with porcine group A rotavirus (PARV) with the co-infection rate of 52.4% (11/21). Approximately 13 types of bacteria were successfully isolated from lung, spleen, liver, kidney and lymph node samples of different PRRS pigs. Enterobacteria were isolated in 100% of lung, liver and lymph samples from pigs infected with PRRSV alone. However, the isolation rates were significantly decreased in the more than 3 viruses co-infection group. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterium, followed by Morganella, Proteus, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella and Aeromonas. Most of the isolated enterobacteria were opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, timely combination with antimicrobial agents is necessary for effective treatment of PRRS-infected pigs.

Keywords: 16S rDNA sequencing; Enterobacteria; PCR; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; Viral co-infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest to this work.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Detection of different types of viruses in lung and spleen samples of pigs afflicted with PRRS. PRRSV and the other 7 viruses may cause symptoms like breathing difficulties or diarrhoea syndrome, such as PEDV, TGEV, PARV, CSFV, PCV2, PRV and PPV being detected in lung and spleen samples using RT-PCR. *p < 0.05.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Detection of total enterobacteria in 5 different viscera of pigs afflicted with PRRS. Enterobacteria were isolated using MacConkey agar from lung, spleen, liver, kidney and lymphnode samples of PRRS pigs with different viral co-infections. Pure: pigs infected with only PRRSV; 2–3 Mixed: pigs infected with 2–3 types of viruses; 4–5 Mixed: pigs infected with 4–5 types of viruses. *p < 0.05.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
E. coli isolation in 5 different viscera of pigs afflicted with PRRS. The identification of E. coli in lung, spleen, liver, kidney and lymph node samples of PRRS pigs with different viral co-infections. Pure: pigs infected with only PRRSV; 2–3 Mixed: pigs infected with 2–3 types of viruses; 4–5 Mixed: pigs infected with 4–5 types of viruses. *p < 0.05.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Other major enterobacteria identified in 5 different viscera of pigs afflicted with PRRS: lungs, spleens, livers, kidneys and lymph nodes.
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