Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013

Review

. 2020 Sep 15:416:117013.

doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

Affiliations

¹ Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: reza.azarpazhooh@lhsc.on.ca.
² Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
³ Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁴ Health Information Science, PhD (candidate) Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: ssteinwe@uwo.ca.
⁵ Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: rezaeia@mums.ac.ir.
⁶ Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia. Electronic address: nawaf.yassi@unimelb.edu.au.
⁷ Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA. Electronic address: jbiller@lumc.edu.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine Schulich School of Medicine, Dentistry Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg. Electronic address: saverio.stranges@uwo.ca.
⁹ Research Centre for Prevention of cardiovascular disease, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mtokazebani@gmail.com.
¹⁰ Research Centre for Prevention of cardiovascular disease, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sepideh.kazeminia@gmail.com.
¹¹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: bita.khorram@mail.utoronto.ca.
¹² International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: mssha96@gmail.com.
¹³ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, St Joseph's Health Care London, Western University, Canada. Electronic address: Naghmeh.Mokhber@sjhc.london.on.ca.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de' Lellis General District Hospital, Rieti, Italy; Neurological Section, Neuro-epidemiology Unit, SMDN-Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention, Sulmona, L'Aquila, Italy. Electronic address: mariodinapoli@katamail.com.

PMID: 32659508
PMCID: PMC7334961
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013

Review

Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

M Reza Azarpazhooh et al. J Neurol Sci. 2020.

. 2020 Sep 15:416:117013.

doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: reza.azarpazhooh@lhsc.on.ca.
² Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
³ Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁴ Health Information Science, PhD (candidate) Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: ssteinwe@uwo.ca.
⁵ Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: rezaeia@mums.ac.ir.
⁶ Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia. Electronic address: nawaf.yassi@unimelb.edu.au.
⁷ Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA. Electronic address: jbiller@lumc.edu.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine Schulich School of Medicine, Dentistry Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg. Electronic address: saverio.stranges@uwo.ca.
⁹ Research Centre for Prevention of cardiovascular disease, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mtokazebani@gmail.com.
¹⁰ Research Centre for Prevention of cardiovascular disease, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sepideh.kazeminia@gmail.com.
¹¹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: bita.khorram@mail.utoronto.ca.
¹² International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: mssha96@gmail.com.
¹³ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, St Joseph's Health Care London, Western University, Canada. Electronic address: Naghmeh.Mokhber@sjhc.london.on.ca.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de' Lellis General District Hospital, Rieti, Italy; Neurological Section, Neuro-epidemiology Unit, SMDN-Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention, Sulmona, L'Aquila, Italy. Electronic address: mariodinapoli@katamail.com.

PMID: 32659508
PMCID: PMC7334961
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013

Abstract

Introduction: Current evidence on the association between COVID-19 and dementia is sparse. This study aims to investigate the associations between COVID-19 caseload and the burden of dementia.

Methods: We gathered data regarding burden of dementia (disability-adjusted life years [DALYs] per 100,000), life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy (HALE) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study. We obtained COVID-19 data from Our World in Data database. We analyzed the association of COVID-19 cases and deaths with the burden of dementia using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results: Globally, we found significant positive (p < .001) correlations between life expectancy (r = 0.60), HALE (r = 0.58), and dementia DALYs (r = 0.46) with COVID-19 caseloads. Likewise, we found similar correlations between life expectancy (r = 0.60), HALE (r = 0.58) and dementia DALYs (r = 0.54) with COVID-19 mortality.

Conclusion: Health policymakers should clarify a targeted model of disease surveillance in order to reduce the dual burden of dementia and COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Dementia; Global burden of disease; Mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
A. Correlation between Alzheimer's disease and other dementias DALYs rate and: A. Total number of COVID-19 cases per million. B. Total number of COVID-19 deaths per million.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:88–106. - PMC - PubMed
1. Rogers N.T., Steptoe A., Cadar D. Frailty is an independent predictor of incident dementia: evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:15746. - PMC - PubMed
1. Nikolich-Zugich J., Knox K.S., Rios C.T., Natt B., Bhattacharya D., Fain M.J. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience. 2020;42:505–514. - PMC - PubMed
1. Azarpazhooh M.R., Avan A., Cipriano L.E., Munoz D.G., Sposato L.A., Hachinski V. Concomitant vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies double the risk of dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:148–156. - PubMed
1. Brown E.E., Kumar S., Rajji T.K., Pollock B.G., Mulsant B.H. Anticipating and mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2020;S1064-7481(20) (30294-3) - PMC - PubMed

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[1] GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:88–106. - PMC - PubMed

[2] GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:88–106. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Rogers N.T., Steptoe A., Cadar D. Frailty is an independent predictor of incident dementia: evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:15746. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Rogers N.T., Steptoe A., Cadar D. Frailty is an independent predictor of incident dementia: evidence from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:15746. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Nikolich-Zugich J., Knox K.S., Rios C.T., Natt B., Bhattacharya D., Fain M.J. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience. 2020;42:505–514. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Nikolich-Zugich J., Knox K.S., Rios C.T., Natt B., Bhattacharya D., Fain M.J. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience. 2020;42:505–514. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Azarpazhooh M.R., Avan A., Cipriano L.E., Munoz D.G., Sposato L.A., Hachinski V. Concomitant vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies double the risk of dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:148–156. - PubMed

[8] Azarpazhooh M.R., Avan A., Cipriano L.E., Munoz D.G., Sposato L.A., Hachinski V. Concomitant vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies double the risk of dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14:148–156. - PubMed

[9] Brown E.E., Kumar S., Rajji T.K., Pollock B.G., Mulsant B.H. Anticipating and mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2020;S1064-7481(20) (30294-3) - PMC - PubMed

[10] Brown E.E., Kumar S., Rajji T.K., Pollock B.G., Mulsant B.H. Anticipating and mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2020;S1064-7481(20) (30294-3) - PMC - PubMed

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Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

Affiliations

Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

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