Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Porcine Respiratory Bacteria in Spain

Abstract

The monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pig pathogens is critical to optimize antimicrobial treatments and prevent development of resistance with a one-health approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of swine respiratory pathogens in Spain from 2017 to 2019. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out following standardized methods from samples coming from sacrificed or recently deceased pigs with acute clinical signs compatible with respiratory tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the broth microdilution method containing a total of 10 and 7-8 antimicrobials/concentrations respectively, in accordance with the recommendations presented by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility varies between pig respiratory pathogens. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) were highly susceptible (≥90%) to ceftiofur, florfenicol and macrolides (tilmicosin, tildipirosin and tulathromycin). However, the antimicrobial susceptibility was intermediate (>60% but <90%) for amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in the case of APP and sulfamethoxazole/trimethropim and tiamulin in the case of PM. Both bacteria showed low (<60%) antimicrobial susceptibility to doxycycline. Finally, Bordetella bronchiseptica was highly susceptible only to tildipirosin and tulathromycin (100%) and its susceptibility for florfenicol was close to 50% and <30% for the rest of the antimicrobial families tested. These results emphasize the need of determining antimicrobial susceptibility in pig respiratory cases in order to optimize the antimicrobial treatment in a case-by-case scenario.

Keywords: antimicrobial susceptibility; respiratory pathogens; swine.

Figure 1

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) distribution of amoxicillin (A) and ceftiofur (B) for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolated from lungs of pigs with respiratory symptoms.

Figure 2

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) distribution of enrofloxacin (A) and doxycycline (B) for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolated from lungs of pigs with respiratory symptoms.

Figure 3

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) distribution of florfenicol (A) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (B) for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolated from lungs of pigs with respiratory symptoms. In the case of sulfametoxazole/trimethoprim, the MIC value for trimethoprim is represented.

Figure 4

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) distribution of tildipirosin (A) and tiamulin (B) for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolated from lungs of pigs with respiratory symptoms.

Figure 5

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) distribution of tulathromycin (A) and tilmicosin (B) for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolated from lungs of pigs with respiratory symptoms.