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. 2020 Jul 11;13(14):3104.
doi: 10.3390/ma13143104.

Deposition of NiO Nanoparticles on Nanosized Zeolite NaY for Production of Biofuel via Hydrogen-Free Deoxygenation

Min-Yee Choo  1   2   3 , Lee Eng Oi  1 , T Jean Daou  4 , Tau Chuan Ling  2 , Yu-Chuan Lin  5 , Gabriele Centi  6 , Eng-Poh Ng  3 , Joon Ching Juan  1   7
Affiliations

Deposition of NiO Nanoparticles on Nanosized Zeolite NaY for Production of Biofuel via Hydrogen-Free Deoxygenation

Min-Yee Choo et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Nickel-based catalysts play an important role in the hydrogen-free deoxygenation for the production of biofuel. The yield and quality of the biofuel are critically affected by the physicochemical properties of NiO supported on nanosized zeolite Y (Y65, crystal size of 65 nm). Therefore, 10 wt% NiO supported on Y65 synthesized by using impregnation (IM) and deposition-precipitation (DP) methods were investigated. It was found that preparation methods have a significant effect on the deoxygenation of triolein. The initial rate of the DP method (14.8 goil·h-1) was 1.5 times higher than that of the IM method (9.6 goil·h-1). The DP-Y65 showed the best deoxygenation performance with a 80.0% conversion and a diesel selectivity of 93.7% at 380 °C within 1 h. The outstanding performance from the DP method was due to the smaller NiO particle size (3.57 ± 0.40 nm), high accessibility (H.F value of 0.084), and a higher Brönsted to Lewis acidity (B/L) ratio (0.29), which has improved the accessibility and deoxygenation ability of the catalyst. The NH4+ released from the decomposition of the urea during the DP process increased the B/L ratio of zeolite NaY. As a result, the pretreatment to convert Na-zeolite to H-zeolite in a conventional zeolite synthesis can be avoided. In this regard, the DP method offers a one-pot synthesis to produce smaller NiO-supported nanosized zeolite NaY with a high B/L ratio, and it managed to produce a higher yield with selectivity towards green diesel via deoxygenation under a hydrogen-free condition.

Keywords: NiO; deposition–precipitation; green diesel; triolein; zeolite Y.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
XRD diffractograms of (a) Y65, (b) IM-Y65, and (c) DP-Y65. The symbol indicates the characteristic diffraction peak for nickel oxide.
Figure 2
Figure 2
HRTEM images of (a) IM-Y65 and (b) DP-Y65.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) N2 sorption isotherms and (B) pore size distribution of (a) Y65, (b) IM-Y65, and (c) DP-Y65.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) TPD-NH3 profiles and (B) pyridine-FTIR spectra of (a) Parent Y65, (b) IM-Y65, and (c) DP-Y65.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Comparison study of conversion and hydrocarbon product and (b) hydrocarbon selectivity from deoxygenation of triolein over synthesized catalysts.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of catalyst loading on (a) conversion and hydrocarbon product and (b) hydrocarbon selectivity from deoxygenation of triolein over DP-Y65.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of reaction time on (a) conversion and hydrocarbon product and (b) hydrocarbon selectivity from deoxygenation of triolein over DP-Y65.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Reusability study of (a) conversion and hydrocarbon product and (b) hydrocarbon selectivity from deoxygenation of triolein over DP-Y65. Reaction conditions: temperature 380 °C, time 1 h, catalyst loading 7 wt%, pressure 10 mbar, and stirring speed 400 rpm.
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