Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy

Abstract

A knowledge of the blood groups and alloantibodies present is essential for the safe transfusion of blood products in horses. Pre-transfusion screening and blood typing minimizes the risk of incompatible RBC transfusions and prevents immunization of the recipient against incompatible RBC antigens. The frequencies of blood groups can vary among different breeds. Knowledge of a breed's blood group prevalence can be very useful for identifying the best blood donors during transfusion in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of the Ca blood type in horses from Italy using a monoclonal immunocromatographic method and to estimate the prevalence of anti-Ca alloantibodies in Ca- horses using agglutination on gel technique. Ca blood type was determined on 110 whole blood samples. The prevalence of the Ca+ blood type was 79.1%. This study also provides data about the prevalence of Ca+ blood group in Italian Saddle Horses (77,3%) and Dutch Warmblood (58,3%). No significant association was found between Ca blood type and sex with 79.5% and 78.8% of females and males testing Ca+, respectively. The total number of Ca- samples with detectable anti-Ca alloantibodies was 7/23 (30.4%).

Keywords: Italy; alloantibodies; blood group; blood type; breed prevalence; equine; neonatal isoerythrolysis.

Figure 1

Equine Ca blood typing by immunochromatographic method. Sample Ca− (a) and Ca+ (b).

Figure 2

Agglutination on gel technique for anti-Ca alloantibodies detection. Gel columns show negative reaction (samples n. 62, 80) and positive reactions with strength of agglutination 2+ (samples n. 78, 81, 87).

Figure 3

Agglutination on gel technique for anti-Ca alloantibodies titration. Gel columns show strength of agglutination 1+ (samples n. 28, 54 and 81) and 2+ (samples n. 1, 50, 78).