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Review
. 2020 Jul 13;21(14):4951.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21144951.

Current and Future Role of Tyrosine Kinases Inhibition in Thyroid Cancer: From Biology to Therapy

María San Román Gil  1 , Javier Pozas  1 , Javier Molina-Cerrillo  1   2   3 , Joaquín Gómez  3   4 , Héctor Pian  3   5 , Miguel Pozas  1 , Alfredo Carrato  1   2   3 , Enrique Grande  6 , Teresa Alonso-Gordoa  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Current and Future Role of Tyrosine Kinases Inhibition in Thyroid Cancer: From Biology to Therapy

María San Román Gil et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Thyroid cancer represents a heterogenous disease whose incidence has increased in the last decades. Although three main different subtypes have been described, molecular characterization is progressively being included in the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of these patients. In fact, thyroid cancer is a landmark in the oncological approach to solid tumors as it harbors key genetic alterations driving tumor progression that have been demonstrated to be potential actionable targets. Within this promising and rapid changing scenario, current efforts are directed to improve tumor characterization for an accurate guidance in the therapeutic management. In this sense, it is strongly recommended to perform tissue genotyping to patients that are going to be considered for systemic therapy in order to select the adequate treatment, according to recent clinical trials data. Overall, the aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the molecular biology of thyroid cancer focusing on the key role of tyrosine kinases. Additionally, from a clinical point of view, we provide a thorough perspective, current and future, in the treatment landscape of this tumor.

Keywords: NTRK; RET; immunotherapy; thyroid cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Teresa Alonso-Gordoa: Pfizer, Ipsen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Eusa Pharma, MerckSharp&Dohme (C/A, SAB), Roche (RF). Enrique Grande: Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Roche, Eisai, Eusa Pharma, MerckSharp&Dohme, Sanofi-Genzyme, Adacap, Novartis, PierreFabre, Lexicon, Celgene (C/A, SAB), Pfizer, AstraZeneca, MTEM/Threshold, Roche, Ipsen, Lexicon (RF). The rest of authors declares no conflict of interest. (C/A): Consulting/Advisory relationship; (RF) Research Funding; (SAB) Scientific Advisory Board.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of the current treatment approach in MTC. In this figure, we illustrate several drugs targeting the main molecular pathways involved in MTC tumorigenesis (MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR), with special focus on the latest advances in RET inhibition.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of the current treatment approach in ATC. In this figure, we illustrate several drugs targeting the main molecular pathways involved in ATC tumorigenesis, with special focus on BRAF inhibition and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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