COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

Matthew D Shin^#¹, Sourabh Shukla^#¹, Young Hun Chung², Veronique Beiss¹, Soo Khim Chan¹, Oscar A Ortega-Rivera¹, David M Wirth¹, Angela Chen¹, Markus Sack³, Jonathan K Pokorski^{1

4

5}, Nicole F Steinmetz^{6

7

8

9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
² Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
³ Pro-SPR GmbH, Alsdorf, Germany.
⁴ Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁵ Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁶ Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
⁷ Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
⁸ Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
⁹ Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
¹⁰ Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
¹¹ Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 32669664
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y

Review

COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

Matthew D Shin et al. Nat Nanotechnol. 2020 Aug.

. 2020 Aug;15(8):646-655.

doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y. Epub 2020 Jul 15.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
² Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
³ Pro-SPR GmbH, Alsdorf, Germany.
⁴ Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁵ Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁶ Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
⁷ Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
⁸ Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
⁹ Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
¹⁰ Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.
¹¹ Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 32669664
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with no clear signs of abatement owing to the high prevalence, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or vaccines. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The genome sequence and protein structure of the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) were made available in record time, allowing the development of inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines along with subunit vaccines for prophylaxis and treatment. Nanotechnology benefits modern vaccine design since nanomaterials are ideal for antigen delivery, as adjuvants, and as mimics of viral structures. In fact, the first vaccine candidate launched into clinical trials is an mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles. To eradicate pandemics, present and future, a successful vaccine platform must enable rapid discovery, scalable manufacturing and global distribution. Here, we review current approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development and highlight the role of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing.

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References

1. Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G. & Gao, G. F. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 395, 470–473 (2020).
1. Gorbalenya, A. E. et al. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol. 5, 536–544 (2020).
1. Kim, J. M. et al. Identification of coronavirus isolated from a patient in Korea with COVID-19. Osong Public Health Res. Perspect. 11, 3–7 (2020).
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1. Kissler, S. M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y. H. & Lipsitch, M. Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period. Science 368, 860–868 (2020).

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COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

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COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

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