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1 Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. gonzalezduarte@aol.com.
2 Dysautonomia Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
1 Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. gonzalezduarte@aol.com.
2 Dysautonomia Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
The authors of this article have nothing to disclose.
Figures
Fig. 1
Neurophysiology of dyspnea. Main afferent…
Fig. 1
Neurophysiology of dyspnea. Main afferent (sensory) homeostatic information arising from areas of the…
Fig. 1
Neurophysiology of dyspnea. Main afferent (sensory) homeostatic information arising from areas of the vasculature and lungs give rise to the sensation of dyspnea. When stimulated, the chemoreceptive and mechanoreceptive signals are transmitted to the brainstem via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, converging at the nucleus of the tractus solitarus (NTS). Subsequent projections continue to the somatosensory cortex and other higher brain regions, which provide the interoceptive sense of the internal environment of the body. The processing of these signals within the cortex gives rise to sensations such as air hunger, dyspnea, or shortness of breath. This interceptive processing appears to be abnormally blunted in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
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