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. 2021 Jan;13(1):54-62.
doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13088. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Association of circulating galectin-3 with gestational diabetes mellitus, progesterone, and insulin resistance

Zeqing Zhang  1 , Xuehui Kang  1 , Yaming Guo  1 , Jianhua Zhang  1 , Junhui Xie  1 , Shiying Shao  1 , Ying Xiang  2   3   4 , Gang Chen  2   3   4 , Xuefeng Yu  1
Affiliations

Association of circulating galectin-3 with gestational diabetes mellitus, progesterone, and insulin resistance

Zeqing Zhang et al. J Diabetes. 2021 Jan.

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Background/objective: Because galectin-3 has been proposed to regulate obesity and insulin resistance in mice, we hypothesized that circulating galectin-3 levels are associated with presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), progesterone, and insulin resistance.

Methods: Circulating galectin-3 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in women with GDM (n = 137) and their controls (n = 81). Associations of galectin-3 and progesterone with GDM and insulin resistance were evaluated using regression models.

Results: Circulating galectin-3 levels were increased in the individuals with GDM (P < .001) and associated significantly with progesterone (r = 0.42, P < .001), gestational age at sampling (r = 0.23, P < .001), current body mass index (BMI; r = 0.17, P = .02), estrogen (r = 0.15, P < .03), fasting glucose (r = 0.41, P < .001), fasting insulin (r = 0.39, P < .001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; r = 0.44, P < .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including current BMI, subjects in the highest tertile of galectin-3 levels were more likely to have GDM (odds ratio 4.71, 95% confidence interval 2.01-11.06) as compared with the lowest tertile. The association between circulating galectin-3 levels and GDM remained significant after adjusting for progesterone, but significantly attenuated after adjustment with HOMA-IR. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression analyses after adjustment for confounders showed an independent association between galectin-3 levels and HOMA-IR (β = .41, P < .001), suggesting that association of circulating gelactin-3 levels with GDM might be mediated via insulin resistance. Progesterone demonstrated the expected associations with galectin-3, GDM, and HOMA-IR.

Conclusions: Circulating galectin-3 levels are associated with GDM possibly through increased insulin resistance. The association of galectin-3 with progesterone highlights a potential role of progesterone in its interaction with galectin-3.

背景: 由于半乳糖凝集素-3(galectin-3)被认为可以调节小鼠的肥胖和胰岛素抵抗, 我们假设循环galectin-3水平与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、孕酮和胰岛素抵抗有相关性。 方法: 采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定GDM患者(n=137)和对照组(n=81)血清中循环galectin-3的水平。用回归模型评估galectin-3和孕酮、GDM以及胰岛素抵抗的关系。 结果: GDM患者血清galectin-3水平相比对照组显著升高(P<0.001)。血清galectin-3水平还与孕酮(r=0.42, P<0.001)、孕妇孕周(r=0.23, P<0.001)、采样时的体重指数(BMI; r=0.17, P=0.02)、雌激素水平(r=0.15, P<0.03)、空腹血糖水平(r=0.41, P<0.001)、空腹胰岛素水平(r=0. 0.39, P<0.001)以及胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR; r=0.44, P<0.001)都存在显著的相关性。校正潜在的混杂因素(包括采样时的BMI)后, galectin-3水平在最高三分位的受试者相比最低三分位者更可能患有GDM(比值比OR=4.71, 95%置信区间 2.01~11.06)。Logistic回归分析校正孕酮后, 循环galectin-3水平与GDM仍显著相关, 但在调整HOMA-IR后, 这种相关性却明显减弱。此外, 校正混杂因素后的多元线性回归分析显示galectin-3水平与HOMA-IR之间存在独立的相关性(β=.41, P<0.001), 提示循环gelactin-3水平与GDM的关联可能是通过胰岛素抵抗介导的。与预期一致, 孕酮与galectin-3、GDM和HOMA-IR也具有相关性。 结论: 循环galectin-3水平可能通过增加胰岛素抵抗与GDM相关联。galectin-3与孕酮的密切联系提示两者之间存在潜在的相互作用。.

Keywords: galectin-3; gestational diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; progesterone; 妊娠期糖尿病; 孕酮; 胰岛素抵抗.

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References

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