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. 2020 Jul 14;25(14):3213.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25143213.

Optimization and Characterization of Microwave-Assisted Hydro-Distillation Extraction of Essential Oils from Cinnamomum camphora Leaf and Recovery of Polyphenols from Extract Fluid

Ao Shang  1 , Ren-You Gan  2 , Jia-Rong Zhang  3 , Xiao-Yu Xu  1 , Min Luo  1 , Hong-Yan Liu  2 , Hua-Bin Li  1
Affiliations

Optimization and Characterization of Microwave-Assisted Hydro-Distillation Extraction of Essential Oils from Cinnamomum camphora Leaf and Recovery of Polyphenols from Extract Fluid

Ao Shang et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

In this study, the efficiency of microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) to extract essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora leaf, and the recovery of polyphenols from extract fluid were investigated. The effects of microwave power, liquid-to-material ratio, and extraction time on the extraction efficiency were studied by a single factor test as well as the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design method. The optimal extraction conditions were a microwave power of 786.27 W, liquid-to-material ratio of 7.47:1 mL/g, and extraction time of 35.57 min. The yield of essential oil was 3.26 ± 0.05% (w/w), and the recovery of polyphenols was 4.97 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight under the optimal conditions. Furthermore, the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) was used to characterize the essential oils of fresh and fallen leaves, and 159 individual compounds were tentatively identified, accounting for more than 89.68 and 87.88% of the total contents, respectively. The main ingredients include sabinene, l-β-pinene, β-myrcene, α-terpineol, 3-heptanone, and β-thujene, as well as δ-terpineol and 3-heptanone, which were first identified in C. camphora essential oil. In conclusion, the MAHD method could extract essential oil from C. camphora with high efficiency, and the polyphenols could be obtained from the extract fluid at the same time, improving the utilization of C. camphora leaf.

Keywords: Cinnamomum camphora; GC×GC-TOFMS; essential oil; microwave-assisted extraction; polyphenols; response surface methodology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of single factors on the yield of essential oil and content of total polyphenols in extract fluid: microwave power (a), liquid-to-material ratio (b), and extraction time (c). Different letters within a, b, c, and d in black color indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in the essential oil yield among groups; Different letters within a, b, c, d, and e in red color indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in the total phenol content (TPC) among groups. The same letter indicates no significant difference (p > 0.05) among groups. The significant differences among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test at p < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The three-dimensional response surfaces and contour plots of fresh leaf essential oil yield affected by microwave power and the liquid-to-material ratio (a); microwave power and extraction time (b); and liquid-to-material ratio and extraction time (c).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The three-dimensional response surfaces and contour plots of the TPC value affected by microwave power and the liquid-to-material ratio (a); microwave power and extraction time (b); and liquid-to-material ratio and extraction time (c).
Figure 4
Figure 4
GC×GC total ion chromatogram (TIC) contour plot of two kinds of essential oils from fresh leaf (a) and fallen leaf (b).
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