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. 2020 Jul 14;56(7):350.
doi: 10.3390/medicina56070350.

Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Mukia madrespatana Following Single Immobilization Stress on Rats

Noreen Samad  1 , Amna Ali  1 , Farzana Yasmin  2   3 , Riaz Ullah  4 , Ahmed Bari  5
Affiliations

Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Mukia madrespatana Following Single Immobilization Stress on Rats

Noreen Samad et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Erratum in

Abstract

Elevated oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of stress and memory-related complications. Mukia madrespatana (M. madrespatana) has been reported to have various biological and antioxidant properties. We intended to evaluate the effect of M. madrespatana peel on single immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits and memory changes in rats. Materials and Methods: M. madrespatana peel (2000 mg/kg/day, orally) was administered to control and immobilize stressed animals for 4 weeks. Anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects of M. madrespatana were observed in both unstressed and stressed animals. Results: Lipid peroxidation was decreased while antioxidant enzymes were increased in both unstressed and stressed animals. Acetylcholine level was increased while acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased in both M. madrespatana treated unstressed and stressed rats. There was also an improvement in memory function. Serotonin neurotransmission was also regulated in M. madrespatana treated rats following immobilization stress with anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects. Conclusion: Based on the current study, it is suggested that M. madrespatana has strong antioxidant properties and may be beneficial as dietary supplementation in stress and memory-related conditions.

Keywords: Mukia madrespatana; antioxidant enzymes; memory; oxidative stress; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of M. madrespatana with various doses in a novel (a) and familiar (b) environment. Values are means ± standard deviation (n = 5) 4 weeks after the administration of the drug. Significant differences by Tukey’s test * p < 0.05 from control animals following one-way ANOVA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of administration of M. madrespatana on the anxiety profile in unstressed and stressed rats observed in EPM. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed rats.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of administration of M.M. on anxiety profile in unstressed and stressed rats observed in the light-dark activity box. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed rats.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of M. madrespatana administration following immobilization stress on immobility, swimming, and climbing time in FST. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed rats.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of M. madrespatana administration following single stress on acquisition (a) STM (b) and LTM (c) in terms of escape latency (s) assessed by MWM. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed animals.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of M. madrespatana administration following immobilization stress on hippocampal MDA activity. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed animals.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of M. madrespatana administration following immobilization stress on hippocampal SOD (a), CAT (b), and GPx (c) activity. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data was analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed rats.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effects of M.M. administration following immobilization stress on AChE activity in the hippocampus. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed animals.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of M. madrespatana administration following immobilization stress on 5-HT, 5-HIAA levels, and 5-HT turnover in terms of 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the hippocampus. Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed animals.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of M. madrespatana administration following immobilization stress on ACh levels in the hippocampus. Values are mean ± SD (n = 5). Data were analyzed by Tukey’s test following two-way ANOVA. Statistical difference is expressed as * p < 0.05 versus respective control and + p < 0.05 versus unstressed animals.
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