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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Jun 1:9:486.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.24123.2. eCollection 2020.

The use of essential oils as a growth promoter for small ruminants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Faizal Andri  1 , Asri Nurul Huda  2 , Marjuki Marjuki  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The use of essential oils as a growth promoter for small ruminants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Faizal Andri et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

Background: Due to their antimicrobial properties and safety, essential oils are currently proposed as a sustainable option for antibiotic alternatives in the livestock sector. This current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of dietary essential oil supplements on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of small ruminants. Methods: A total of 12 studies (338 small ruminants) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect size was quantified using Hedges' g with 95% confidence interval (CI) using a fixed-effect model. Publication bias was inspected using Begg's and Egger's tests, followed by trim and fill method to detect the number of potential missing studies. Results: Insignificant heterogeneity among studies was detected both on DMI ( P of Q = 0.810; I-square = 0.00%), ADG ( P of Q = 0.286; I-square = 17.61%), and FCR ( P of Q = 0.650; I-square = 0.00%). The overall effect size showed that essential oils supplementation had no significant impact on DMI (Hedges' g = -0.12; 95% CI = -0.50 to 0.26; P = 0.429) and FCR (Hedges' g = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.22; P = 0.284), but had a significant positive impact on ADG (Hedges' g = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.76; P = 0.002). The result of publication bias analysis showed that DMI, ADG, and FCR did not present any significant biases ( P > 0.10), and no potential missing studies detected. Conclusions: Dietary essential oil could improve ADG of small ruminants, without any alteration on DMI and FCR. Further research in this topic is still required to provide stronger evidence of the potency of essential oil as a growth promoter for small ruminants.

Keywords: Antibiotics alternative; Average daily gain; Goats; Natural feed additives; Protozoa; Secondary metabolites; Sheep..

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Forest plot of the effect of essential oil supplementation on growth response of small ruminants.
DMI: dry matter intake; ADG: average daily gain; FCR: feed conversion ratio.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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