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Review
. 2020 Jul 15;12(7):1574.
doi: 10.3390/polym12071574.

Polymeric Carriers for Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontal Disease

Magdalena Zięba  1 , Paweł Chaber  1 , Khadar Duale  1 , Magdalena Martinka Maksymiak  1 , Maciej Basczok  2 , Marek Kowalczuk  1 , Grazyna Adamus  1
Affiliations
Review

Polymeric Carriers for Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontal Disease

Magdalena Zięba et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues caused by pathogenic microorganisms and characterized by disruption of the tooth-supporting structures. Conventional drug administration pathways in periodontal disease treatment have many drawbacks such as poor biodistribution, low selectivity of the therapeutic effect, burst release of the drug, and damage to healthy cells. To overcome this limitation, controlled drug delivery systems have been developed as a potential method to address oral infectious disease ailments. The use of drug delivery devices proves to be an excellent auxiliary method in improving the quality and effectiveness in periodontitis treatment, which includes inaccessible periodontal pockets. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the applications of various polymer-based delivery systems such as hydrogels, liposomes, micro-, and nanoparticles in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease. Furthermore, to present a more comprehensive understanding of the difficulties concerning the treatment of PD, a brief description of the mechanism and development of the disease is outlined.

Keywords: drug release; local drug delivery systems; oral drug delivery systems (DDS); periodontitis (PD), polymers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic development of periodontal disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
LPS recognition system. Abbreviation: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; CD, cluster of differentiation; sCD14, soluble CD14; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; M∅ macrophage. Reprinted with permission from [30]. Copyright Environ. Health Perspect., 2006.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The RANKL/RANK/OPG axis and M-CSF direct osteoclastogenesis and activation. Reprinted with permission from [35]. Copyright Owen and Reilly (2018).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The classification of hydrogels along with all their categories and subcategories.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Graphical illustration of the preparation and application of the CS/β GP/gelatin hydrogels. Reprinted with permission from [90]. Copyright Elsevier (2019).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic illustration of the preparation of chitosan-loaded metronidazole microcapsules (CS@MTZ) and the cross-linking mechanism with CPBA-grafted PVA to obtain injectable hydrogel. Reprinted with permission from [17]. Copyright ACS Publications (2019).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic illustration of liposomes, which are made of phospholipids (A); PEGylated/stealth liposomes contain a layer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) at the surface of liposomes (B); targeted liposomes contain a specific targeting ligand to target a cancer site (C); and multifunctional such as theranostic liposomes, which can be used for diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors (D). Reprinted with permission from [106]. Copyright MDPI (2018).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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