Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2021 Mar;37(3):e3388.
doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3388. Epub 2020 Aug 18.

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes

Abdallah Al-Salameh  1   2 , Jean-Philippe Lanoix  3 , Youssef Bennis  4 , Claire Andrejak  5 , Etienne Brochot  6 , Guillaume Deschasse  7 , Hervé Dupont  8 , Vincent Goeb  9 , Maité Jaureguy  10 , Sylvie Lion  11 , Julien Maizel  12 , Julien Moyet  7 , Benoit Vaysse  13 , Rachel Desailloud  1   2 , Olivier Ganry  14 , Jean-Luc Schmit  3 , Jean-Daniel Lalau  1   2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes

Abdallah Al-Salameh et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing pandemic, with four million confirmed cases and 280 000 deaths at the time of writing. Some studies have suggested that diabetes is associated with a greater risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the clinical features and outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with vs without diabetes.

Methods: All consecutive adult patients admitted to Amiens University Hospital (Amiens, France) with confirmed COVID-19 up until April 21st, 2020, were included. The composite primary endpoint comprised admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and death. Both components were also analysed separately in a logistic regression analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: A total of 433 patients (median age: 72; 238 (55%) men; diabetes: 115 (26.6%)) were included. Most of the deaths occurred in non-ICU units and among older adults. Multivariate analyses showed that diabetes was associated neither with the primary endpoint (odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-1.90) nor with mortality (hazard ratio: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.40-1.34) but was associated with ICU admission (OR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.09-3.92, P = .027) and a longer length of hospital stay. Age was negatively associated with ICU admission and positively associated with death.

Conclusions: Diabetes was prevalent in a quarter of the patients hospitalized with COVID-19; it was associated with a greater risk of ICU admission but not with a significant elevation in mortality. Further investigation of the relationship between COVID-19 severity and diabetes is warranted.

Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); diabetes; intensive care; mortality; outcome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Factors significantly associated with the composite endpoint (death or admission to the ICU) in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Diabetes (yes, no); age (years); sex (female vs male); obesity (yes if BMI ≥30 kg/m2, no); cardiac disease (coronary heart disease, arrhythmia or heart failure); and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) on admission (per 10 mg/L). The ORs [95%CI] were obtained in multivariable logistic regressions
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Factors significantly associated with admission to the ICU in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Diabetes (yes, no); age (per 10 years); sex (female vs male); BMI, body mass index as a numerical variable (per 5 kg/m²); and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) on admission (per 10 mg/L). The ORs [95%CI] were obtained in multivariable logistic regressions
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Factors significantly associated with death in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Age (per 10 years); sex (female vs male); total cardiovascular disease (TCVD: yes, no); abnormal liver function tests (Abnormal LFTs: no abnormal tests, one abnormal test, two abnormal tests, or three abnormal tests). The HRs [95%CI] were obtained in multivariable Cox's proportional hazards analyses
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843. 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Guan W‐J, Ni Z‐Y, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708‐1720. 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet Lond Engl. 2020;395(10223):497‐506. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in the New York City area. JAMA Published online. 2020;323(20):2052‐2059. 10.1001/jama.2020.6775. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single‐centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475‐481. 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms